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TOP 50+ AWS EC2 Interview Questions & Answers

AWS EC2 Interview Questions

1. Name the various Amazon EC2 instances?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) offers a variety of instance types to meet different workload requirements. The available instance types are grouped into families based on their hardware, network, and storage characteristics. Some of the most commonly used Amazon EC2 instance families are:

General purpose: These instances are suitable for a wide range of workloads and offer a balance of computing, memory, and networking resources. Examples include the M5, M5a, and M6g instance types.
Compute optimized: These instances are designed for compute-intensive workloads and offer a high ratio of computing to memory. Examples include the C5, C5a, and C6g instance types.
Memory-optimized: These instances are designed for workloads that require a high amount of memory and offer a high ratio of memory to compute. Examples include the R5, R5a, and R6g instance types.
Storage optimized: These instances are designed for workloads that require a high amount of local storage and offer a high ratio of storage to compute. Examples include the D2, H1, and I3 instance types.
GPU Instances: These instances are designed for workloads that require graphics processing units (GPUs) and are suitable for applications such as machine learning and scientific simulations. Examples include the G3, G4, and P3 instance types.

Overall, Amazon EC2 offers a wide range of instance types to meet different workload requirements, and you can choose the instance type that best fits your needs based on your specific computing, memory, storage, and networking requirements.

2. Name the different pricing models for EC2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) offers a variety of pricing models to meet the needs of different workloads and budgets. The available pricing models are:

On-demand instances: With this pricing model, you pay for EC2 instances by the hour with no long-term commitment. This is a good option if you have unpredictable workloads or if you need the flexibility to scale up or down quickly.
Spot instances: With this pricing model, you can bid on excess EC2 capacity and pay a discounted price for it. This is a good option if you have flexible workloads that can be interrupted, or if you want to take advantage of price fluctuations in the market.
Reserved instances: With this pricing model, you can reserve EC2 instances for a one- or three-year term and pay a lower price in exchange for a long-term commitment. This is a good option if you have a predictable workload or if you want to save money on your EC2 costs over the long term.
Dedicated instances: With this pricing model, you can run your EC2 instances on hardware that is dedicated to your account. This is a good option if you have compliance requirements or if you want to ensure that your instances are not sharing hardware with other customers.

Overall, Amazon EC2 offers a variety of pricing models to meet the needs of different workloads and budgets, and you can choose the pricing model that best fits your needs based on your specific requirements and usage patterns.

3. Name the types of Volumes for EC2 instances?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances can be attached with a variety of storage volumes, depending on the type of instance and the requirements of the workload. Some of the types of volumes that are available for EC2 instances are:

Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes: These are persistent block storage volumes that are designed for use with EC2 instances. EBS volumes can be attached to any instance type and are available in different performance tiers, such as general purpose, throughput optimized, and cold storage.
Instance store volumes: These are temporary block storage volumes that are physically attached to the host instance. Instance store volumes are ideal for workloads that require high-performance storage, but they are not persistent and are lost when the instance is stopped or terminated.
Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems: These are high-performance file systems that are optimized for workloads such as machine learning, high-performance computing, and media processing. Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems can be attached to EC2 instances and offer low latency and high throughput.
Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) file systems: These are scalable file systems that can be mounted on multiple EC2 instances and are ideal for workloads that require shared file storage. Amazon EFS file systems can be accessed using the Network File System (NFS) protocol.

Overall, Amazon EC2 offers a variety of storage volumes to meet the needs of different workloads and use cases. You can choose the type of volume that best fits your needs based on your specific storage requirements and performance needs.

4. Explain the function of Amazon EC2 in Amazon Auto Scaling fleet management.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) plays a central role in Amazon Auto Scaling, which is a service that enables you to automatically scale your Amazon EC2 capacity up or down based on your workload needs. When you use Amazon Auto Scaling, you define a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are managed as a group, and you specify the minimum and the maximum number of instances that you want to maintain in the fleet.

Amazon Auto Scaling uses CloudWatch alarms to monitor the performance of your EC2 instances and to trigger scaling actions based on predefined thresholds. For example, you can set an alarm to scale up the fleet if the average CPU utilization of your instances exceeds a certain percentage, or to scale down the fleet if the average CPU utilization falls below a certain percentage.

In addition to scaling the fleet based on performance metrics, Amazon Auto Scaling also enables you to schedule scaling actions based on time. This can be useful if you have predictable workload patterns that follow a daily, weekly, or monthly schedule.

Overall, Amazon EC2 is an essential component of Amazon Auto Scaling, as it provides the underlying compute capacity that is scaled up or down based on your workload needs. By using Amazon Auto Scaling, you can ensure that you have the right amount of EC2 capacity to meet your workload demands, while also optimizing your costs.

5. Mention the year when the company officially launched amazon company EC2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) was officially launched by Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2006. EC2 is a web service that provides secure, resizable computing capacity in the cloud. It enables users to launch and manage virtual servers, called instances, in the cloud, and it provides a wide variety of instance types to meet different workload requirements.

Since its launch, Amazon EC2 has become a cornerstone of the AWS platform and has helped drive the growth of cloud computing. It has been widely adopted by businesses of all sizes and is used to host a wide range of workloads, including web and mobile applications, big data analytics, machine learning, and more.

6. What are the possible storage options available for EC2 instances?

There are several storage options available for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances, depending on the type of instance and the requirements of the workload. Some of the possible storage options for EC2 instances are:

Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes: These are persistent block storage volumes that are designed for use with EC2 instances. EBS volumes can be attached to any instance type and are available in different performance tiers, such as general purpose, throughput optimized, and cold storage.
Instance store volumes: These are temporary block storage volumes that are physically attached to the host instance. Instance store volumes are ideal for workloads that require high-performance storage, but they are not persistent and are lost when the instance is stopped or terminated.
Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems: These are high-performance file systems that are optimized for workloads such as machine learning, high-performance computing, and media processing. Amazon FSx for Lustre file systems can be attached to EC2 instances and offer low latency and high throughput.
Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) file systems: These are scalable file systems that can be mounted on multiple EC2 instances and are ideal for workloads that require shared file storage. Amazon EFS file systems can be accessed using the Network File System (NFS) protocol.
Amazon S3: This is an object storage service that enables you to store and retrieve large amounts of data from anywhere on the web. Amazon S3 can be used in conjunction with EC2 instances to store data that is not frequently accessed or to store data that needs to be shared between instances.

Overall, Amazon EC2 offers a variety of storage options to meet the needs of different workloads and use cases. You can choose the storage option that best fits your needs based on your specific storage requirements and performance needs.

7. List some connection issues that can be faced while connecting to an EC2 instance?

There are several connection issues that can be encountered while attempting to connect to an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. Some common connection issues include:

Incorrect credentials: If you are using the wrong username or password, you will not be able to connect to the instance.
Incorrect security group configuration: If the security group for the instance is not properly configured to allow inbound traffic from your IP address or from the correct port, you will not be able to connect to the instance.
Incorrect network configuration: If the instance is not properly configured to allow traffic from your network, you will not be able to connect to it. This can be caused by issues such as incorrect network ACLs or incorrect routing rules.
Incorrect instance type: If you are attempting to connect to an instance using the wrong protocol or port, you may not be able to establish a connection. For example, if you are attempting to connect to a Windows instance using SSH, the connection will fail.
Instance status: If the instance is not in a running state, you will not be able to connect to it.
Network connectivity issues: If there are network connectivity issues between your client and the instance, you may not be able to establish a connection. This can be caused by issues such as a temporary outage or a misconfigured firewall.

Overall, there are many potential connection issues that can be encountered when trying to connect to an EC2 instance. By troubleshooting and addressing these issues, you can ensure that you are able to establish a successful connection to your instance.

8. Mention some security practices in Amazon EC2.

There are several security practices that can be followed to ensure the security of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances. Some of these practices include:

Use strong and unique passwords: Make sure to use strong and unique passwords for your Amazon EC2 instances and avoid using default or weak passwords.
Enable multi-factor authentication: Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to provide an additional layer of security for accessing your Amazon EC2 instances.
Use security groups: Use security groups to control inbound and outbound traffic to your Amazon EC2 instances.
Enable encryption: Use encryption to protect data stored on your Amazon EC2 instances and in transit.
Use IAM roles: Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles to control access to your Amazon EC2 instances and resources.
Keep the operating system and software up to date: Make sure to keep the operating system and software on your Amazon EC2 instances up to date with the latest security patches.
Monitor your instances: Use Amazon CloudWatch and other monitoring tools to monitor the activity on your Amazon EC2 instances and to detect any security issues.

Overall, following these security practices can help you to secure your Amazon EC2 instances and protect your data and resources.

9. Name the cloud watch merits available for EC2 instances?

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables you to monitor and manage your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances. CloudWatch provides several benefits for EC2 instances, including:

Real-time monitoring: CloudWatch enables you to monitor your EC2 instances in real time, allowing you to detect and respond to issues as they arise.
Customized alerts: CloudWatch allows you to set custom alarms to alert you when certain thresholds are met or exceeded. This enables you to proactively address issues before they become critical.
Metric data retention: CloudWatch stores metric data for up to 15 months, providing you with a long-term view of your EC2 instances’ performance.
Integration with other AWS services: CloudWatch integrates with other AWS services, such as AWS Auto Scaling and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, enabling you to use CloudWatch data to optimize the performance and cost of your EC2 instances.
Detailed monitoring: CloudWatch provides detailed monitoring for EC2 https://datavalley.ai/what-is-knowledge-representation-in-ai-techniques/https://datavalley.ai/category/artificial-intelligence/instances, including CPU utilization, network traffic, and disk I/O metrics.
Performance optimization: CloudWatch enables you to optimize the performance of your EC2 instances by identifying and addressing issues that may be impacting their performance.

Overall, CloudWatch provides a range of benefits for EC2 instances, including real-time monitoring, customized alerts, data retention, integration with other AWS services, and performance optimization.

10. Define Amazon EC2 service?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable computing capacity in the cloud. It enables you to launch and manage virtual servers, called instances, in the cloud. With EC2, you can choose from a variety of instance types and configurations to meet the needs of your workload.

EC2 allows you to scale your computing capacity up or down as needed, making it easy to accommodate changes in demand. You can also use EC2 to host applications, websites, and other workloads in the cloud.

EC2 is a key component of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing platform and is used by organizations of all sizes to run their applications and workloads in the cloud. It provides a range of benefits, including the ability to quickly and easily provision compute resources, the ability to scale capacity up or down as needed, and the ability to pay only for the resources you use.

AWS EC2 Interview Questions

11. Discuss the regions and availability zones of Amazon EC2 instances.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances are hosted in regions and availability zones.

A region is a geographical area that consists of multiple availability zones. Regions are isolated from each other, with independent power, networking, and cooling infrastructure. This enables you to deploy your applications and workloads in multiple regions to increase the availability and durability of your applications.

An availability zone is a physically separate location within a region, with its own power, networking, and cooling infrastructure. Each availability zone is designed to be isolated from failures in other availability zones, providing a high level of availability for your applications.

By deploying your applications and workloads in multiple availability zones within a region, you can increase the availability and durability of your applications. This is because if there is an issue in one availability zone, your applications and workloads can continue to run in the other availability zones.

Overall, regions and availability zones provide a high level of availability and durability for Amazon EC2 instances, enabling you to deploy your applications and workloads with confidence.

12. Provide a rough idea of the Amazon EC2 service structurally.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable computing capacity in the cloud. It is a key component of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud computing platform and is used by organizations of all sizes to run their applications and workloads in the cloud.

EC2 is structured around regions and availability zones. A region is a geographical area that consists of multiple availability zones, which are physically separate locations within a region. Each availability zone is designed to be isolated from failures in other availability zones, providing a high level of availability for your applications.

To use EC2, you can launch one or more virtual servers, called instances, in the cloud. You can choose from a variety of instance types and configurations to meet the needs of your workload. You can also use EC2 to host applications, websites, and other workloads in the cloud.

EC2 allows you to scale your computing capacity up or down as needed, making it easy to accommodate changes in demand. You can also use various tools and services to manage and monitor your EC2 instances, including Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, and AWS Systems Manager.

Overall, Amazon EC2 provides a flexible and scalable platform for running applications and workloads in the cloud. It enables you to quickly and easily provision compute resources, scale capacity up or down as needed, and pay only for the resources you use.

13. Discuss the different types of EC2 instances based on their cost.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances are available in a variety of types and configurations, and the cost of each type of instance varies based on the resources it provides. EC2 instances are generally classified into the following categories based on their cost:

On-Demand instances: On-Demand instances are the most flexible and cost-effective option for running EC2 instances. With On-Demand instances, you pay for the instances you use by the hour, with no upfront costs or long-term commitments. On-Demand instances are ideal for applications with unpredictable workloads or for testing and development environments.
Reserved instances: Reserved instances are a cost-effective option for running EC2 instances if you have steady-state or predictable workloads. With Reserved instances, you pay a discounted hourly rate in exchange for a one-time upfront payment and a commitment to use the instances for a specific period of time.
Spot instances: Spot instances are a cost-effective option for running EC2 instances if you have flexible start and end times for your workloads. With Spot instances, you bid on excess EC2 capacity and pay the Spot price, which varies based on supply and demand. Spot instances are ideal for applications that can be interrupted, such as batch processing and scientific simulations.
Dedicated instances: Dedicated instances are EC2 instances that run on hardware that is dedicated to a single customer. They are a good option for applications that require high levels of isolation and security, or for customers with regulatory or compliance requirements.

Overall, the cost of EC2 instances can vary based on the type and configuration of the instances, as well as the pricing model you choose. By understanding the different pricing models and choosing the right one for your workloads, you can optimize the cost of your EC2 instances.

14. How can S3 be discarded with EC2 instances?

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is an object storage service that can be used independently or in conjunction with Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances.

One way to use Amazon S3 with EC2 is to store data that is used by your EC2 instances in S3. For example, you could store application data, media files, or other data in S3 and then access it from your EC2 instances as needed. This can be useful if you need to store large amounts of data that is accessed frequently by your EC2 instances.

Another way to use Amazon S3 with EC2 is to store data that is generated by your EC2 instances in S3. For example, you could use EC2 instances to process large amounts of data and then store the results in S3. This can be useful if you need to store data for long-term retention or for use by other applications or systems.

Overall, Amazon S3 can be a useful storage service for EC2 users, providing a scalable, durable, and cost-effective solution for storing data in the cloud. It can be used in conjunction with EC2 instances to store and access data as needed, or to store data that is generated by your EC2 instances.

15. Give the features of the Amazon EC2 service.

Here are some key features of Amazon EC2:

Scalability: EC2 allows you to scale your computing capacity up or down as needed, making it easy to accommodate changes in demand. You can use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling to automatically scale your EC2 instances based on predefined conditions, such as the average CPU utilization or network traffic.
Flexibility: EC2 provides a wide range of instance types and configurations, so you can choose the right resources for your workloads. You can also use Amazon EC2 Elastic GPUs to add GPU acceleration to your instances.
Security: EC2 uses a variety of security measures to protect your instances and data, including security groups and network access control lists (ACLs) to control inbound and outbound traffic, and Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) encryption to protect your data at rest.
Reliability: EC2 instances are hosted in regions and availability zones, which are designed to be isolated from failures in other regions or availability zones. This enables you to deploy your applications and workloads in multiple regions and availability zones to increase the availability and durability of your applications.
Integration: EC2 integrates with other AWS services, such as Amazon CloudWatch for monitoring, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling for scaling, and AWS Systems Manager for managing and maintaining your instances.

16. Discuss the security measures of Amazon EC2.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides a number of security measures to protect your instances and data. These measures include:

Security groups: Security groups act as a firewall for your EC2 instances, allowing you to control inbound and outbound traffic to and from your instances. You can create security groups that allow specific traffic and deny all other traffic, or you can create security groups that allow all traffic and deny specific traffic.
Network access control lists (ACLs): Network ACLs are another layer of security that you can use to control inbound and outbound traffic to and from your instances. You can create network ACLs that allow specific traffic and deny all other traffic, or you can create network ACLs that allow all traffic and deny specific traffic.
Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) encryption: EBS encryption enables you to encrypt the data stored on your EBS volumes, which can be attached to your EC2 instances. EBS encryption uses keys that you control through AWS Key Management Service (KMS), which enables you to encrypt and decrypt your data as needed.
Virtual private cloud (VPC): A VPC is a logically isolated section of the AWS cloud that you can use to launch your resources in a virtual network. You can use VPCs to create private subnets and public subnets and to control inbound and outbound traffic using security groups and network ACLs.
Identity and access management (IAM): IAM enables you to manage access to your AWS resources and services. You can use IAM to create and manage users, groups, and permissions, and to enforce least privilege access to your resources.

Overall, Amazon EC2 provides a number of security measures that you can use to protect your instances and data. By using security groups, network ACLs, EBS encryption, VPCs, and IAM, you can create a secure environment for running your applications and workloads in the cloud.

17. What do you mean by Key-pairs?

In Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), a key pair consists of a public key and a private key. The public key is used to encrypt data, and the private key is used to decrypt the data. Key pairs are used to secure communication between your EC2 instances and other resources in the cloud, such as Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) or Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS).

When you launch an EC2 instance, you can specify a key pair to use with the instance. The private key is stored on your local computer, and the public key is stored in the instance’s metadata. You can use the private key to securely SSH into the instance and access the command line.

You can also use key pairs to secure data that is transmitted between your EC2 instances and other resources in the cloud. For example, you can use the public key to encrypt data that is stored in S3, and then use the private key to decrypt the data when it is accessed by an EC2 instance.

Overall, key pairs are an important security feature in Amazon EC2, enabling you to secure communication and data transmission between your instances and other resources in the cloud.

18. What is the way to recover a lost EC2 instance?

If you have lost an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, there are a few steps you can take to try to recover it:

Check the status of the instance: You can check the status of the instance in the Amazon EC2 console, or you can use the describe-instances command in the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) to get more information about the instance’s state. If the instance is terminated or stopped, you can try to start or restart it.
Check the status of the instance’s Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes: If the instance is not running, you can check the status of its EBS volumes in the Amazon EC2 console. If the volumes are in the available state, you can attach them to a new instance and recover the data stored on them.
Check the status of the instance’s Amazon Machine Image (AMI): If the instance was launched from an AMI, you can check the status of the AMI in the Amazon EC2 console. If the AMI is still available, you can use it to launch a new instance.
Check for system failures: If the instance is not running and you are unable to determine the cause, you can check for system failures that may have caused the instance to fail. You can check the Amazon EC2 Service Health Dashboard or contact AWS Support for more information.

If you are unable to recover the instance, you may need to recreate it from scratch. This will require you to set up the instance again, install any necessary software and applications, and restore any data that was stored on the instance.

Overall, recovering a lost EC2 instance requires you to check the status of the instance and its associated resources, and to take appropriate actions based on the results of your investigation.

19. What is Amazon EC2 auto-scaling?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Auto Scaling is a service that enables you to automatically scale your Amazon EC2 instances in response to changes in demand for your applications. With EC2 Auto Scaling, you can ensure that you have the right number of EC2 instances available to meet the needs of your users, without having to manually adjust the number of instances based on changes in demand.

EC2 Auto Scaling works by using triggers and rules to automatically add or remove instances from your Amazon EC2 fleet. You can set up triggers based on metrics such as CPU utilization, network traffic, or request rate, and you can specify the minimum and a maximum number of instances that you want to maintain in your fleet. When a trigger is triggered, EC2 Auto Scaling will automatically add or remove instances as needed to maintain the desired number of instances.

EC2 Auto Scaling is a useful tool for managing the scale of your applications, as it enables you to respond to changes in demand in real time. This can help you optimize your costs, as you only pay for the instances that you need, and it can help you ensure that your applications have the resources they need to meet the needs of your users.

20. What is the medium to recover EC2 instances by configuring CloudWatch

Amazon CloudWatch is a monitoring service that enables you to monitor your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances and other resources in the cloud. You can use CloudWatch to set alarms that trigger actions when certain thresholds are breached, such as starting or stopping EC2 instances.

To recover an EC2 instance using CloudWatch, you can set up an alarm that is triggered when the instance becomes unavailable or when it fails to respond to a health check. When the alarm is triggered, you can configure it to automatically start or restart the instance.

Here’s an example of how to set up an alarm to recover an EC2 instance using CloudWatch:

Open the CloudWatch console and go to the Alarms page.
Click the Create Alarm button.
On the Create Alarm page, select EC2 as the service and choose the metric that you want to monitor, such as CPU Utilization or Status Check Failed.
Set the threshold for the alarm, such as a CPU utilization of 90% or more.
Select the EC2 instances that you want to monitor and specify the actions that you want CloudWatch to take when the alarm is triggered, such as starting or restarting the instances.
Click the Create Alarm button to create the alarm.

By configuring CloudWatch alarms, you can automatically recover EC2 instances if they become unavailable or fail to respond to health checks. This can help you ensure that your applications have the resources they need to meet the needs of your users.

21. What do you know about fleet management in Amazon EC2 auto-scaling?

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a service that enables you to automatically scale your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances in response to changes in demand for your applications. With EC2 Auto Scaling, you can ensure that you have the right number of EC2 instances available to meet the needs of your users, without having to manually adjust the number of instances based on changes in demand.

In the context of EC2 Auto Scaling, fleet management refers to the process of managing and optimizing the size and configuration of your EC2 fleet to meet the needs of your applications. This includes setting up triggers and rules to automatically scale your EC2 instances based on metrics such as CPU utilization, network traffic, or request rate, and specifying the minimum and a maximum number of instances that you want to maintain in your fleet.

Effective fleet management in EC2 Auto Scaling involves monitoring the performance of your EC2 instances and identifying opportunities to optimize their configuration or scale them up or down as needed. This can help you optimize your costs, as you only pay for the instances that you need, and it can help you ensure that your applications have the resources they need to meet the needs of your users.

22. Provide a brief difference between terminating and stopping an EC2 instance method.

Terminating an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance is a permanent action that removes the instance from your Amazon Web Services (AWS) account and releases the resources associated with it. When you terminate an instance, any data on the instance’s root device is deleted, and the instance can’t be recovered.

Stopping an EC2 instance is a temporary action that shuts down the instance and preserves the data on its root device. When you stop an instance, the instance can be started again at a later time, and you don’t lose any data. However, you do continue to pay for the instance’s Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes, as well as any other resources that are associated with the instance, such as Elastic IP addresses.

Here are a few key differences between terminating and stopping an EC2 instance:

Terminating an instance is a permanent action while stopping an instance is a temporary action.
Terminating an instance deletes the data on its root device while stopping an instance preserves the data on its root device.
Terminating an instance releases the resources associated with it while stopping an instance continues to consume resources.
Terminating an instance can’t be undone while stopping an instance can be started again at a later time.

In general, you should only terminate an EC2 instance if you no longer need it and are okay with losing any data on its root device. If you just want to stop an instance temporarily, you should use the stop action instead.

23. What Is Amazon Ec2 Service?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It enables users to rent virtual computers on which to run their own computer applications. EC2 allows users to choose from a variety of instance types, operating systems, and software packages, and to configure these instances to meet their specific needs.

EC2 is part of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform, which also includes other services such as Amazon S3 (a cloud storage service) and Amazon RDS (a database service). With EC2, users can scale their computing resources up or down as needed, paying only for the resources they use. This makes EC2 a flexible and cost-effective solution for a wide range of computing needs, such as running websites, hosting applications, and analyzing data.

EC2 instances are launched in one or more Amazon Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs), which are isolated networks within AWS. Users can control the security and networking aspects of their EC2 instances by configuring security groups and network ACLs, and by using Amazon Elastic IP addresses and Elastic Load Balancers.

Overall, Amazon EC2 is a powerful and flexible service that enables users to easily and cost-effectively scale their computing resources in the cloud.

24. What Are The Features Of The Amazon Ec2 Service?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It offers a range of features that make it a powerful and flexible solution for a wide range of computing needs. Some of the key features of Amazon EC2 include:

Elasticity: EC2 allows users to easily scale their computing resources up or down as needed, paying only for the resources they use. This makes it a flexible solution for applications that experience fluctuating demand, such as websites and mobile apps.
Choice of instance types: EC2 offers a variety of instance types that are optimized for different workloads. For example, users can choose from compute-optimized instances, memory-optimized instances, GPU-optimized instances, and more. This enables users to select the instance type that best meets their performance and cost needs.
Wide range of operating systems: EC2 supports a variety of operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and Amazon Linux. This allows users to choose the operating system that best meets their needs and to run their applications on EC2 without making any modifications.
Customization: EC2 allows users to customize their instances by selecting the number of CPU cores, amount of memory, and type of storage they need. Users can also select from a variety of software packages that are pre-configured and optimized for use on EC2.
Security: EC2 provides a number of security features to help users protect their instances and data. This includes support for security groups and network ACLs, as well as the ability to launch instances in a virtual private cloud (VPC).
Monitoring and management: EC2 provides a range of tools for monitoring and managing instances, including Amazon CloudWatch and AWS Systems Manager. These tools enable users to monitor the performance of their instances and take automated actions based on predefined thresholds.

Overall, the features of Amazon EC2 make it a powerful and flexible solution for a wide range of computing needs.

25. What Are The Security Best Practices For Amazon Ec2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud. It is important for users to follow security best practices when using EC2 to ensure the safety and integrity of their data and applications. Some of the security best practices for Amazon EC2 include:

Use Amazon Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) to isolate your instances: VPCs allow you to create a virtual network in the cloud, which can be used to isolate your instances from other resources in your AWS account.
Configure security groups and network ACLs: Security groups and network ACLs allow you to control inbound and outbound traffic to your instances. Use these tools to limit access to your instances to only trusted sources.
Use Amazon Elastic IP addresses: Elastic IP addresses allow you to assign a static IP address to your instances, which makes it easier to manage your network configuration.
Use Amazon Elastic Load Balancers: Elastic Load Balancers allow you to distribute traffic across multiple instances, which can help improve the availability and performance of your applications.
Use encryption: Use Amazon EBS encryption to protect the data on your instances’ root devices and Amazon S3 server-side encryption to protect data stored in Amazon S3.
Monitor and log activity: Use Amazon CloudWatch and AWS CloudTrail to monitor and log activity in your AWS account, and use Amazon GuardDuty to detect and respond to security threats.
Use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM): IAM allows you to control access to your AWS resources by creating users, groups, and roles. Use IAM to grant least privilege access to your resources and to enforce the principle of least privilege.

By following these security best practices, you can help ensure the security and integrity of your data and applications on Amazon EC2.

26. Explain Storage For Amazon Ec2 Instance.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances can use a variety of storage options to store data and applications. These options include:

Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS): EBS is a block-level storage service that is designed specifically for use with EC2 instances. EBS volumes can be attached to EC2 instances and used as a primary storage device for applications and data. EBS supports a range of volume types, including general-purpose, magnetic, and solid-state drives (SSD), which are optimized for different workloads.
Instance store: Instance store is a type of local storage that is physically attached to the host computer of an EC2 instance. The instance store is not persistent, meaning that the data stored on it is lost when the instance is stopped or terminated. An instance store is typically used for temporary data that does not need to be preserved.
Amazon S3: Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) is an object-level storage service that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. S3 can be used in conjunction with EC2 instances to store and access data.
Amazon FSx for Lustre: Amazon FSx for Lustre is a high-performance file system that is optimized for use with EC2 instances. It can be used to store and process large datasets, such as those used in machine learning and scientific simulations.

Overall, there are a variety of storage options available for use with Amazon EC2 instances, each of which is optimized for different workloads and use cases.

27. Explain Stopping, Starting, And Terminating An Amazon Ec2 Instance.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances can be stopped, started, and terminated as needed to manage their use and costs. Here’s what each of these actions means:

Stopping: When you stop an EC2 instance, the instance is shut down and the instance’s Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes are preserved. You can restart the instance at any time by starting it. Stopping an instance is useful for reducing costs when the instance is not needed, but you want to retain the data stored on its EBS volumes.
Starting: When you start a stopped EC2 instance, the instance is launched and the instance’s EBS volumes are attached. Starting an instance is useful for resuming work on an instance that was previously stopped.
Terminating: When you terminate an EC2 instance, the instance is shut down and the instance’s EBS volumes are deleted. Terminating an instance is useful for permanently removing an instance when it is no longer needed.

It is important to note that when an EC2 instance is terminated, all data stored on the instance’s EBS volumes is lost. Therefore, it is important to make sure that any data that needs to be preserved is backed up before the instance is terminated.

28. What Are The Basic Structures Of The Amazon Ec2 Service?

The basic structures of the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service include:

Regions: A region is a geographical area that consists of two or more availability zones. EC2 instances can be launched in a specific region to reduce latency and improve performance.
Availability zones: An availability zone is a logical data center within a region that is designed to be isolated from failures in other availability zones. EC2 instances can be launched in a specific availability zone to ensure high availability and reliability.
Instances: An instance is a virtual machine that is launched within an availability zone. EC2 instances can be launched in various sizes and configurations, depending on the needs of the application or workload.
Elastic IP addresses: An Elastic IP address is a static, public IP address that can be associated with an EC2 instance. Elastic IP addresses can be used to mask the failure of an instance by rapidly remapping the address to another instance in the same availability zone.
Security groups: A security group is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic to and from an EC2 instance. Security groups can be used to allow or deny traffic based on protocols, ports, and IP ranges.

Overall, the basic structures of the Amazon EC2 service provide a flexible and scalable platform for running a wide range of applications and workloads in the cloud.

29. Can S3 Be Cast-off With Ec2 Instances, In Case Of “yes” Please Specify How?

Yes, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) can be used with Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. S3 is a highly scalable, object storage service that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the internet.

There are several ways to use S3 with EC2 instances:

Mounting an S3 bucket as a file system: You can use the Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) service to mount an S3 bucket as a file system on an EC2 instance. This allows you to access and manipulate objects in the bucket as if they were files on a local file system.
Using the AWS SDKs: You can use the AWS Software Development Kits (SDKs) to write code that interacts with S3 from an EC2 instance. The SDKs provide libraries and API calls that can be used to upload, download, and manage objects in an S3 bucket.
Using the AWS CLI: You can use the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI) to access and manage S3 from an EC2 instance. The CLI provides a set of commands that can be used to perform common S3 operations from the command line.

Overall, using S3 with EC2 instances allows you to store and retrieve data in a scalable and reliable way, and provides a wide range of options for integrating S3 with your applications and workloads.

30. What Are Regions And Availability Zones In Amazon Ec2? Explain In Brief.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a global service that is available in multiple regions and availability zones around the world.

Regions are geographical areas that consist of two or more availability zones. Regions are isolated from each other and are located in specific geographic locations, such as North America, Europe, and Asia.

Availability zones are logical data centers within a region that are designed to be isolated from failures in other availability zones. Each availability zone consists of one or more data centers that are connected with low-latency, high-bandwidth networking.

Using multiple regions and availability zones allows EC2 to provide high availability and reliability for applications and workloads. You can launch EC2 instances in a specific region or availability zone to reduce latency and improve performance for users who are located in that region or zone.

Overall, regions and availability zones are an important part of the Amazon EC2 service, and they provide a scalable and reliable platform for running applications and workloads in the cloud.

31. Explain How To Launch Ec2 Instance In An Availability Zone?

To launch an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance in an availability zone, you can follow these steps:

Sign in to the AWS Management Console: Go to the AWS homepage and sign in to your AWS account.
Choose a region: In the top right corner of the console, select a region from the drop-down list. This will determine the location of the EC2 instance and the availability zones that are available to you.
Launch an EC2 instance: From the EC2 dashboard, click the “Launch Instance” button to start the instance launch wizard.
Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI): Select an AMI that matches the operating system and configuration that you want for the EC2 instance.
Choose an instance type: Select an instance type that matches the hardware and performance requirements of your application or workload.
Configure the instance details: In the “Instance Details” step, you can specify the number of instances that you want to launch, the availability zone where the instances should be launched, and other optional settings such as networking and security.
Add storage: In the “Add Storage” step, you can specify the size and type of storage that you want for the EC2 instance.
Add tags: In the “Add Tags” step, you can add metadata to the EC2 instance in the form of key-value pairs.
Configure security group: In the “Configure Security Group” step, you can specify the inbound and outbound traffic rules that should apply to the EC2 instance.
Review and launch: In the final step, review the settings for the EC2 instance and click the “Launch” button to start the launch process.

Overall, launching an EC2 instance in an availability zone involves selecting an AMI, choosing an instance type, configuring the instance details, and specifying the security and networking settings. By following these steps, you can launch an EC2 instance in the availability zone that best meets your needs.

32. What Is Amazon Ec2 Root Device Volume?

The Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) root device volume is the storage volume that is attached to the instance at launch and contains the root file system of the instance. The root device volume can be either an Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume or an instance store volume, depending on the instance type.

EBS-backed instances use EBS volumes as the root device volume, while instance store-backed instances use instance store volumes. EBS volumes are persistent block storage devices that can be attached to and detached from EC2 instances, while instance store volumes are ephemeral storage devices that are physically attached to the host hardware and are not detachable.

The root device volume stores the operating system, system files, and any additional software that is installed on the instance. It is important to carefully size the root device volume to ensure that it has sufficient capacity for the workloads that will be running on the instance.

Overall, the root device volume is an important component of an EC2 instance, as it stores the operating system and other essential files that are required for the instance to function properly.

33. How To Persist Root Device Volume In Amazon Ec2 Instance?

There are several ways to persist the root device volume of an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance:

Use an Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume as the root device volume: EBS volumes are persistent block storage devices that can be attached to and detached from EC2 instances. By using an EBS volume as the root device volume, you can ensure that the data on the volume is retained even if the instance is stopped or terminated.
Take snapshots of the EBS volume: EBS volumes can be snapshots to create a point-in-time copy of the data on the volume. These snapshots can be used to restore the EBS volume if it is lost or corrupted.
Use Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling: Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling can be used to launch EC2 instances from a saved AMI, which includes a copy of the root device volume. This can be useful for creating a scalable, self-healing infrastructure that automatically replaces failed instances.
Use Amazon EC2 Spot Instances: Amazon EC2 Spot Instances allow you to bid on spare EC2 capacity and can be a cost-effective way to run workloads that are flexible with their execution time. Spot Instances can be launched from a saved AMI, which includes a copy of the root device volume.

Overall, there are several ways to persist the root device volume of an EC2 instance, including using EBS volumes, taking snapshots, using Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, and using Amazon EC2 Spot Instances. By using these methods, you can ensure that the data on the root device volume is retained and can be restored if necessary.

34. What Is the Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

A security group in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a virtual firewall that controls inbound and outbound traffic to and from EC2 instances. Each security group is associated with one or more EC2 instances and consists of a set of rules that specify which traffic is allowed to reach the instances.

Security groups operate at the network layer (layer 3 of the OSI model) and are used to define network access control lists (ACLs) for EC2 instances. They can be used to allow or deny traffic based on various criteria, such as the protocol, source IP address, source port, and destination port.

Security groups are an important component of an EC2 deployment, as they provide an additional layer of security and allow you to control which resources and services are accessible to your instances. They are also highly flexible and can be easily modified as your security needs change.

Overall, security groups are a useful tool for controlling access to your EC2 instances and ensuring that your resources are secure. They allow you to specify which traffic is allowed to reach your instances, providing an additional layer of security for your deployment.

35. What Are The Features Of the Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

There are several features of security groups in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):

Traffic filtering: Security groups can be used to filter incoming and outgoing traffic based on various criteria, such as protocol, source IP address, source port, and destination port. This allows you to control which traffic is allowed to reach your EC2 instances.
Stateful: Security groups are stateful, meaning that they remember connections that have been established and automatically allow the return traffic for those connections.
Dynamic: Security groups can be modified on the fly, allowing you to quickly adapt to changing security needs.
Multi-tier: Security groups can be used in combination with network ACLs (NACLs) to provide multi-tier security for your EC2 instances.
Shared: Security groups can be shared across multiple EC2 instances, making it easy to apply common security policies to multiple instances.

Overall, security groups in EC2 provide a flexible and powerful way to control access to your instances and ensure that your resources are secure. They offer a range of features, including traffic filtering, stateful behavior, dynamic modification, multi-tier security, and the ability to be shared across multiple instances.

36. How To Create a Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

To create a security group in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), follow these steps:

Sign in to the AWS Management Console and navigate to the EC2 dashboard.
In the left-hand menu, under Network & Security, click on Security Groups.
Click the Create Security Group button.
Enter a name and description for the security group.
Select the VPC for the security group.
Add any inbound and outbound rules that you want to apply to the security group. You can specify the protocol, port range, source IP address range, and other criteria for each rule.
Click the Create Security Group button to create the security group.

Once you have created the security group, you can associate it with one or more EC2 instances. This will apply the security group’s rules to the traffic flowing to and from those instances.

It is important to note that security groups are associated with a VPC, and you must select the VPC in which you want to create the security group when you create it. You can create security groups in any VPC that you have access to, including the default VPC for your AWS account.

37. How To Launch An Amazon Ec2 Instance?

To launch an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, follow these steps:

Sign in to the AWS Management Console and navigate to the EC2 dashboard.
Click the Launch Instance button.
Select an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for the instance. An AMI is a pre-configured virtual machine image that contains the operating system and any applications you need to run on your instance.
Select the instance type for the instance. The instance type determines the hardware configuration of the instance, such as the number of CPU cores, the amount of memory, and the amount of storage.
Configure the instance details, such as the number of instances to launch, the VPC and subnet in which to launch the instances, and the IAM role to associate with the instances.
Add any storage devices, such as Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes, that you want to attach to the instance.
Add any security groups that you want to apply to the instance. Security groups control the inbound and outbound traffic for the instance.
Review and confirm the instance launch details, then click the Launch button to launch the instance.
Select an existing key pair or create a new key pair to use for SSH access to the instance.
Click the Launch Instances button to launch the instance(s).

Once you have launched the instance, it will be assigned a public IP address and a public DNS name, which you can use to connect to the instance. You can also use the Amazon EC2 console or the AWS CLI to manage your instances, including starting and stopping them, attaching and detaching storage devices, and modifying the security groups and other settings.

38. How To Connect To Your Amazon Ec2 Instance?

To connect to your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance, you will need to use a secure shell (SSH) client. There are several options available for SSH clients, including the built-in terminal on Linux and macOS systems, and third-party applications such as PuTTY on Windows.

Here is an overview of the steps you will need to follow to connect to your Amazon EC2 instance:

Launch an Amazon EC2 instance: First, you will need to launch an Amazon EC2 instance using the Amazon EC2 console, the AWS Command Line Interface (CLI), or an AWS SDK.
Configure the security group: When you launch the Amazon EC2 instance, you will need to configure the security group to allow incoming SSH traffic. This will allow you to connect to the instance using an SSH client.
Find the public DNS name: Once the instance is running, you can find the public DNS name in the Amazon EC2 console or by using the AWS CLI or an AWS SDK. The public DNS name will be in the form of ec2-XXX-XXX-XXX-XXX.compute-1.amazonaws.com.
Connect to the instance: Use your SSH client to connect to the instance using the public DNS name and the key pair that you specified when you launched the instance. On Linux and macOS systems, you can use the terminal and the ssh command to connect. On Windows, you can use PuTTY and specify the public DNS name and the private key file.
Log in to the instance: Once you are connected to the instance, you will need to log in using the appropriate username and password. The username and password will depend on the operating system that is running on the instance. For example, the username for an Amazon Linux instance is ec2-user, and the username for a Ubuntu instance is ubuntu.

Once you are logged in to the instance, you will have access to a command prompt and can run commands and perform tasks on the instance.

39. How To Add A Ebs Volume To Your Amazon Ec2 Instance?

To add an Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volume to your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, follow these steps:

Go to the Amazon EC2 console and navigate to the “Volumes” page.
Click the “Create Volume” button.
Select the size, type, and availability zone of the volume that you want to create.
Click the “Create” button to create the volume.
Once the volume has been created, it will appear in the list of volumes on the “Volumes” page.
To attach the volume to an EC2 instance, select the volume and click the “Actions” button, then select “Attach Volume”.
In the “Attach Volume” dialog, select the EC2 instance that you want to attach the volume to and specify the device name for the volume.
Click the “Attach” button to attach the volume to the instance.

Once the volume has been attached, it will appear as a device on the EC2 instance. You can then format and mount the volume, and use it to store data.

Note that you can also attach an EBS volume to an EC2 instance when you launch the instance, by specifying the volume in the “Block Devices” section of the “Configure Instance” page in the Amazon EC2 console.

40. How To Clean Up Your Amazon Ec2 Instance And Volume?

To clean up your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance and volume, you can follow these steps:

Terminate the EC2 instance: To do this, go to the Amazon EC2 console and navigate to the “Instances” page. Select the instance that you want to terminate, click the “Actions” button, and then select “Instance State” and “Terminate”. Confirm that you want to terminate the instance.
Detach and delete the volume: Once the EC2 instance has been terminated, you can detach and delete the volume that was attached to it. To do this, go to the “Volumes” page in the Amazon EC2 console, select the volume, click the “Actions” button, and then select “Detach Volume”. Confirm that you want to detach the volume. Once the volume has been detached, you can delete it by selecting it and clicking the “Delete” button.
Delete any snapshots of the volume: If you have created snapshots of the volume, you should also delete them to free up space in your account. To delete a snapshot, go to the “Snapshots” page in the Amazon EC2 console, select the snapshot, click the “Actions” button, and then select “Delete Snapshot”. Confirm that you want to delete the snapshot.

By following these steps, you can clean up your EC2 instance and volume, and free up space in your Amazon Web Services (AWS) account.

41. What Are The Best Practices For Amazon Ec2?

There are several best practices that you should follow when using Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) to ensure the security and efficiency of your cloud infrastructure:

Use strong passwords: Set strong passwords for your EC2 instances, and change them regularly. You should also use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to secure your account and prevent unauthorized access.
Use security groups: Use security groups to control inbound and outbound traffic to your EC2 instances. This will help protect your instances from external threats and ensure that only authorized traffic can access your instances.
Use Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) to save time: AMIs are pre-configured images that you can use to launch EC2 instances. By using AMIs, you can save time and effort when creating new instances, as you don’t have to manually install and configure the operating system and other software.
Use Elastic Block Store (EBS) for data storage: EBS is a durable and scalable storage solution for EC2 instances. You should use EBS for data storage that needs to be persisted, as it is more reliable and faster than instance storage.
Use Auto Scaling to optimize performance: Auto Scaling is a feature that allows you to automatically scale your EC2 instances based on demand. By using Auto Scaling, you can ensure that your instances are always running at optimal capacity, which can improve performance and reduce costs.

By following these best practices, you can improve the security and efficiency of your EC2 instances and your overall cloud infrastructure.

42. How To Migrate An Instance To Another Availability Zone?

To migrate an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance to another availability zone (AZ), you can follow these steps:

Stop the instance: To migrate an instance to another AZ, you will need to stop the instance. To do this, go to the EC2 dashboard, select the instance, and click on “Actions” > “Instance State” > “Stop”.
Create an AMI of the instance: An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a pre-configured image that you can use to launch EC2 instances. To create an AMI of your instance, go to the EC2 dashboard, select the instance, and click on “Actions” > “Image” > “Create Image”. Give the AMI a name and description, and click on “Create Image”.
Launch a new instance from the AMI: Once the AMI has been created, you can use it to launch a new instance in the desired AZ. To do this, go to the EC2 dashboard, click on “Launch Instance”, and select the AMI that you just created. Select the instance type and other desired configuration options, and make sure to select the desired AZ.
Transfer the data to the new instance: Once the new instance has been launched, you will need to transfer the data from the old instance to the new one. You can use tools such as SCP or rsync to transfer the data over the network, or you can use EBS snapshots to create a copy of the data and attach it to the new instance.
Terminate the old instance: Once the data has been transferred and the new instance is running correctly, you can terminate the old instance to avoid incurring additional charges. To do this, go to the EC2 dashboard, select the instance, and click on “Actions” > “Instance State” > “Terminate”.

By following these steps, you can migrate an EC2 instance to another AZ without losing any data or interrupting your application’s availability.

43. What Is The Size Limit For Amazon Ec2 Instance Store-backed Amis And Amazon Ebs-backed Amis?

The size limit for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance store-backed Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) and Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS)-backed AMIs depends on the instance type and the number of EBS volumes that you attach to the instance.

For instance store-backed AMIs, the size limit is determined by the size of the instance store volumes that are attached to the instance. These volumes are usually located on disks that are physically attached to the host computer, and the size of the volumes depends on the instance type. For example, some instance types (such as the M5, R5, and C5) come with up to 2TB of instance store volume per instance, while others (such as the T3 and T3a) come with no instance store volumes.

For EBS-backed AMIs, the size limit is determined by the size of the EBS volumes that are attached to the instance. You can attach multiple EBS volumes to an instance, and the total size of the volumes can be up to 16TB. EBS volumes are network-attached storage devices that are located in the same Availability Zone (AZ) as the instance, and they offer higher performance and durability than instance store volumes.

In general, EBS-backed AMIs have been preferred over instance store-backed AMIs because they offer more storage options and better performance. However, instance store-backed AMIs can be useful in certain situations, such as when you need to store data that is accessed frequently or when you want to take advantage of the low cost of instance store volumes.

44. How You’re Charged In Amazon Ec2? Explain In Detail.

In Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), you are charged for the use of the EC2 instances and other resources that you consume. The exact cost depends on the type and quantity of resources that you use, as well as the length of time that you use them.

Here are some of the main factors that determine the cost of using EC2:

Instance type: EC2 instances come in a variety of sizes and configurations, each with a different price. The price depends on the number of virtual CPUs, the amount of memory, and other hardware resources that the instance has.
Operating system: EC2 instances can run different operating systems, and the cost of using an instance may vary depending on the OS that you choose. For example, instances running the Amazon Linux AMI (Amazon Machine Image) are generally less expensive than instances running other operating systems.
Region: EC2 instances are available in multiple regions around the world, and the cost of using an instance may vary depending on the region where it is located.
Pricing model: EC2 instances can be purchased using different pricing models, including On-Demand, Reserved Instances, and Spot Instances. The cost of an instance depends on the pricing model that you choose.
Data transfer: If you transfer data in or out of an EC2 instance, you may be charged for the data transfer. The cost depends on the amount of data transferred and the distance between the source and the destination.
EBS (Elastic Block Store) volumes: If you attach EBS volumes to an EC2 instance, you will be charged for the storage and I/O operations that you perform on the volumes.
Other resources: You may be charged for other resources that you consume while using EC2, such as Elastic IP addresses, Elastic Load Balancers, and Auto Scaling groups.

To get a more detailed breakdown of the cost of using EC2, you can use the AWS Pricing Calculator or view the EC2 pricing page. These resources allow you to see the cost of different EC2 instance types, pricing models, and other resources in different regions and configurations.

45. How To Disable Password-based Logins For Root In Amazon Ec2 Instance?

To disable password-based logins for the root user in an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, you can follow these steps:

Connect to your EC2 instance using SSH.
Open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file in a text editor.
Find the line that reads PermitRootLogin yes and change it to PermitRootLogin no.
Save the file and exit the text editor.
Restart the SSH service by running the following command: sudo service ssh restart

This will disable password-based login for the root user, which means that you will need to use a key pair to log in to the instance as the root user. You can still use a password to log in to the instance as a non-root user if you have set one up. It’s a good practice to disable password-based login for the root user as an added security measure.

46. What Are Public Key Credentials And How To Install Them?

Public key credentials, also known as SSH keys, are a secure way to authenticate access to an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance or any other system that uses Secure Shell (SSH) for remote login. They consist of a private key, which is kept on the client machine, and a public key, which is installed on the server.

To install public key credentials on an EC2 instance, you can follow these steps:

Generate a new key pair using the ssh-keygen command on your local machine. This will generate a private key (usually called id_rsa) and a public key (usually called id_rsa.pub).
Connect to your EC2 instance using SSH.
Create a new directory called .ssh in the home directory of the EC2 instance: mkdir ~/.ssh
Create a new file called authorized_keys in the .ssh directory and paste the contents of the public key (id_rsa.pub) into it: nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Save the file and exit the text editor.
Change the permissions of the .ssh directory and authorized_keys file to prevent unauthorized access: chmod 700 ~/.ssh and chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

Now you can use the private key (id_rsa) to log in to the EC2 instance using the ssh command. The public key (id_rsa.pub) will be used to verify the authenticity of the private key and grant access to the instance. Public key credentials are more secure than using a password because they cannot be easily guessed or brute-forced, and they can also be easily rotated or revoked if necessary.

47. How Is Stopping And Terminating An Instance Different From Each Other?

Stopping an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance is a way to temporarily cease the operation of the instance while maintaining the data on the instance’s attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes. When an instance is stopped, it will not incur any charges for instance usage, but it will continue to be charged for the storage of the EBS volumes. The instance can be started again at a later time, and it will be restored to its previous state, including all the data on the EBS volumes.

Terminating an EC2 instance, on the other hand, is a permanent action that destroys the instance and releases all the resources that it was using. When an instance is terminated, it will no longer incur any charges for instance usage or the EBS volume storage. However, the data on the instance’s EBS volumes will be lost unless the volumes were created as “delete on termination” and are saved as snapshots. In that case, the data can be restored by creating new EBS volumes from the snapshots.

48. How Is A Spot Instance Different From An On-demand Instance Or Reserved Instance?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Spot Instances are a flexible pricing model that allows you to bid on spare EC2 computing capacity and receive a discounted price for instance usage. Spot Instances are ideal for workloads that can be interrupted, such as big data, batch processing, and test and development environments.

On-demand instances, on the other hand, are EC2 instances that are available for use at any time, with a fixed hourly price that is based on the instance type and region. On-demand instances are suitable for workloads that require a short-term, flexible, or unpredictable computing capacity.

Reserved Instances are a pricing model that allows you to reserve an EC2 instance for a one- or three-year term, in exchange for a discounted hourly rate. Reserved Instances are suitable for workloads that have a steady-state or predictable usage, such as web servers, application servers, and databases.

In summary, Spot Instances are a cost-effective way to run workloads that can be interrupted, On-demand instances offer flexibility and pay-as-you-go pricing, and Reserved Instances provide a discounted rate for long-term, predictable usage.

49. Is It Possible To Change The Private Ip Addresses Of An Ec2 While It Is Running/stopped In A Vpc?

Yes, it is possible to change the private IP address of an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance while it is running or stopped in an Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). Here are the steps to do so:

Stop the EC2 instance, if it is running.
Detach any Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes from the instance.
Disassociate any Elastic IP addresses (EIPs) from the instance.
Modify the private IP address of the instance from the Amazon EC2 console or use the ModifyNetworkInterfaceAttribute API.
Attach the EBS volumes and associate the EIPs to the instance, if necessary.
Start the instance.

Keep in mind that changing the private IP address of an EC2 instance may affect its network connectivity, depending on the network configuration. It is a good idea to plan and test the change before implementing it in a production environment.

50. Can S3 Be Used With Ec2 Instances, If Yes, How?

Yes, Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) can be used with Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances. Here are some ways in which S3 can be used with EC2:

Data storage: EC2 instances can store data on S3 by using the S3 API or the S3 command-line interface (CLI). This is useful for storing data that needs to be accessed by multiple instances, or for storing data that needs to be retained even if the instance is terminated.
Data transfer: EC2 instances can transfer data to and from S3 using the S3 Transfer Acceleration feature, which allows data to be transferred over the Amazon CloudFront network.
Data backup: EC2 instances can use S3 to store backups of their data, either by using the S3 API or by using a third-party backup solution that integrates with S3.
Data processing: EC2 instances can use S3 as a source or destination for data processing tasks, such as data transformation or data analysis.

To use S3 with EC2, you will need to create an S3 bucket and configure the necessary permissions for the EC2 instances to access the bucket. You can do this using the AWS Management Console, the S3 API, or the S3 CLI.

51. If You Want To Launch Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (ec2) Instances And Assign Each Instance A Predetermined Private Ip Address You Should?

To assign a predetermined private IP address to an EC2 instance, you can use the following steps:

Create an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) VPC with a custom IP address range and subnet mask.
Create an EC2 instance and specify the custom VPC and subnet that you created in step 1.
Assign a private IP address to the EC2 instance by modifying the network interface attached to the instance.
Launch the EC2 instance.

By using this method, you can ensure that the EC2 instance has a predetermined private IP address within the custom VPC and subnet that you created.

52. Explain What Happens When I Reboot An Ec2 Instance?

When you reboot an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance, the following things happen:

The operating system of the EC2 instance is restarted, just like when you restart a computer.
The EC2 instance is temporarily unavailable while it is rebooting.
Any in-memory data is lost, but the data on the instance’s root volume and any attached Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) volumes are preserved.
The EC2 instance is assigned a new public IP address if it is in a VPC and is not using an Elastic IP address.
The EC2 instance is assigned a new private IP address if it is in a VPC and is using DHCP to obtain its IP address.

Rebooting an EC2 instance can be useful for troubleshooting or updating the operating system. It is generally less disruptive than stopping and starting the instance, which will cause the instance to be replaced with a new instance and be assigned a new public and private IP address.

53. How You Will Change The Root Ebs Device Of My Amazon Ec2 Instance?

To change the root EBS device of an Amazon EC2 instance, you can follow these steps:

Stop the EC2 instance: Before making any changes to the root EBS device, you need to stop the instance. This will ensure that the instance is not running and you can make changes safely.
Detach the root EBS volume: Once the instance is stopped, you can detach the root EBS volume. To do this, go to the EC2 console, select the instance, and choose the “Action” menu. From the drop-down menu, select “Instance Settings” and then choose “Detach Volume”.
Attach a new root EBS volume: Once the original root EBS volume is detached, you can attach a new root EBS volume. To do this, go to the EC2 console, select the instance, and choose the “Action” menu. From the drop-down menu, select “Instance Settings” and then choose “Attach Volume”. Select the new EBS volume that you want to attach and choose “Attach”.
Start the EC2 instance: Once the new root EBS volume is attached, you can start the EC2 instance. To do this, go to the EC2 console, select the instance, and choose the “Action” menu. From the drop-down menu, select “Instance State” and then choose “Start”.
Verify that the new root EBS volume is being used: After starting the EC2 instance, you can verify that the new root EBS volume is being used. To do this, you can check the root device name in the instance’s description in the EC2 console. The root device name should be the same as the device name of the new root EBS volume that you attached.

54. What Is The Underlying Hypervisor For Ec2?

The underlying hypervisor for Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is the Xen hypervisor. Amazon EC2 instances run on top of this hypervisor, which is responsible for managing the resources (such as CPU, memory, and storage) of the physical host on which the instances are running. The Xen hypervisor provides a secure and isolated environment for the instances to operate in, allowing them to run as if they were running on their own dedicated physical host.

55. What Are Spot Instances In Amazon Ec2?

Spot Instances in Amazon EC2 are instances that are available at a discounted price compared to On-Demand instances. These instances are typically used for workloads that are flexible with their start and end times, or for workloads that can be interrupted. Spot instances are launched from the same Amazon Machine Images (AMIs) as On-Demand instances, and users can specify the maximum price they are willing to pay for the instances. If the current Spot price is higher than the maximum price specified by the user, the instances will not be launched. Spot instances are terminated when the current Spot price exceeds the maximum price specified by the user, or when the user terminates the instances. Spot instances can be used to save money on workloads that are flexible with their start and end times, or for workloads that can be interrupted.

56. What Is The Difference Between A Spot Instance And A Demand Instance On Ec2?

A spot instance is a type of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance that allows you to bid on unused EC2 capacity and run your applications at a lower cost. Spot instances are typically available at a discount compared to on-demand instances, which are charged at a fixed rate based on the instance type and region.

One major difference between spot instances and on-demand instances is that spot instances can be interrupted by Amazon EC2 with two minutes of notice when EC2 needs the capacity back. On-demand instances, on the other hand, run until you stop or terminate them.

Another difference is that you can specify a maximum price that you are willing to pay for a spot instance, and Amazon EC2 will only launch the instance if the spot price is lower than your maximum price. If the spot price exceeds your maximum price, the instance will be terminated. This means that spot instances can be less predictable than on-demand instances, as the availability and price of spot instances can vary depending on supply and demand.

In summary, spot instances are a good choice for flexible, cost-effective computing, but may not be suitable for applications that require a high level of availability or cannot tolerate interruptions. On-demand instances, on the other hand, offer the convenience of being able to launch and run instances whenever you need them, at a higher cost.

57. What Are The Main Features Of Classic Load Balancer In Ec2?

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Classic Load Balancer is a load-balancing service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. Some of the main features of Classic Load Balancer include:

Load balancing across multiple Availability Zones: Classic Load Balancer automatically distributes incoming traffic across multiple Amazon EC2 instances in different Availability Zones, providing high availability and fault tolerance for your applications.
Health checking: Classic Load Balancer periodically sends health check requests to the registered Amazon EC2 instances to ensure that they are running and healthy. If an Amazon EC2 instance fails a health check, it is automatically removed from the group of healthy instances, and traffic is routed to the remaining healthy instances.
Multiple protocols and ports: Classic Load Balancer supports load balancing for various protocols, including HTTP, HTTPS, TCP, and SSL, and can be configured to listen on multiple ports.
SSL offloading: Classic Load Balancer can handle the SSL termination for your Amazon EC2 instances, freeing them from the burden of encrypting and decrypting traffic.
Integration with Amazon Route 53: Classic Load Balancer can be easily integrated with Amazon Route 53, the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Domain Name System (DNS) web service, to route traffic to the appropriate Amazon EC2 instances.

58. What Are The Main Features Of the Application Load Balancer (ALB) In Amazon Ec2?

The main features of the Application Load Balancer (ALB) in Amazon EC2 are:

HTTP/2 support: ALB supports HTTP/2, which allows for more efficient communication between clients and servers.
Advanced request routing: ALB allows you to specify routing rules based on the content of incoming requests, enabling you to route traffic to different back-end resources based on the requested content.
Health checks: ALB can periodically check the health of registered targets and automatically route traffic away from targets that are experiencing issues.
TLS/SSL offloading: ALB can terminate incoming TLS/SSL connections and forward the unencrypted request to the back-end targets, reducing the load on the targets.
Container support: ALB is integrated with Amazon ECS and can automatically route traffic to ECS tasks based on the task metadata.
Wildcard and path-based routing: ALB allows you to create routing rules based on the host or path of incoming requests, enabling you to route traffic to different back-end resources based on the host or path.
WebSocket support: ALB supports the WebSocket protocol, allowing you to build real-time, interactive applications.
HTTP/2 server push: ALB can send HTTP/2 server push notifications to clients to proactively send content, reducing the number of client requests and improving performance.

59. What Is A Placement Group In Ec2?

A placement group is a logical grouping of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances within a single Availability Zone. Instances within a placement group are placed on different underlying hardware to provide low network latency and high network throughput between instances. Placement groups are recommended for applications that require low network latency or high network throughput between instances, such as high-performance computing (HPC) applications, distributed file systems, and video encoding.

Placement groups are available in all Amazon EC2 regions, except in the AWS China (Beijing) and AWS China (Ningxia) regions. They are not charged for, but you are charged for the instances and other resources in the placement group.

60. What Types Of Issues Do You Face While Connecting To An Ec2 Instance?

There are several issues that you may face while connecting to an EC2 instance:

Incorrect credentials: If you have entered the wrong login credentials (username or password), you will not be able to connect to the instance.
Network connectivity issues: If the instance is not accessible due to network connectivity issues, you will not be able to connect to it.
Insecure connection: If you are trying to connect to the instance using an insecure connection, the connection will fail.
Incorrect security group rules: If the security group rules for the instance do not allow incoming connections, you will not be able to connect to the instance.
Incorrect key pair: If you are using the wrong key pair to connect to the instance, the connection will fail.
Incorrect instance ID: If you are using the wrong instance ID to connect to the instance, the connection will fail.
Incorrect region: If you are connecting to the instance from a different region than the region in which the instance is located, the connection will fail.

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TOP 50+ AWS EC2 Interview Questions & Answers

AWS EC2 Interview Questions

1. Name the various Amazon EC2 instances?

2. Name the different pricing models for EC2?

3. Name the types of Volumes for EC2 instances?

4. Explain the function of Amazon EC2 in Amazon Auto Scaling fleet management.

5. Mention the year when the company officially launched amazon company EC2?

6. What are the possible storage options available for EC2 instances?

7. List some connection issues that can be faced while connecting to an EC2 instance?

8. Mention some security practices in Amazon EC2.

9. Name the cloud watch merits available for EC2 instances?

10. Define Amazon EC2 service?

AWS EC2 Interview Questions

11. Discuss the regions and availability zones of Amazon EC2 instances.

12. Provide a rough idea of the Amazon EC2 service structurally.

13. Discuss the different types of EC2 instances based on their cost.

14. How can S3 be discarded with EC2 instances?

15. Give the features of the Amazon EC2 service.

16. Discuss the security measures of Amazon EC2.

17. What do you mean by Key-pairs?

18. What is the way to recover a lost EC2 instance?

19. What is Amazon EC2 auto-scaling?

20. What is the medium to recover EC2 instances by configuring CloudWatch

21. What do you know about fleet management in Amazon EC2 auto-scaling?

22. Provide a brief difference between terminating and stopping an EC2 instance method.

23. What Is Amazon Ec2 Service?

24. What Are The Features Of The Amazon Ec2 Service?

25. What Are The Security Best Practices For Amazon Ec2?

26. Explain Storage For Amazon Ec2 Instance.

27. Explain Stopping, Starting, And Terminating An Amazon Ec2 Instance.

28. What Are The Basic Structures Of The Amazon Ec2 Service?

29. Can S3 Be Cast-off With Ec2 Instances, In Case Of “yes” Please Specify How?

30. What Are Regions And Availability Zones In Amazon Ec2? Explain In Brief.

31. Explain How To Launch Ec2 Instance In An Availability Zone?

32. What Is Amazon Ec2 Root Device Volume?

33. How To Persist Root Device Volume In Amazon Ec2 Instance?

34. What Is the Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

35. What Are The Features Of the Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

36. How To Create a Security Group In Amazon Ec2?

37. How To Launch An Amazon Ec2 Instance?

38. How To Connect To Your Amazon Ec2 Instance?

39. How To Add A Ebs Volume To Your Amazon Ec2 Instance?

40. How To Clean Up Your Amazon Ec2 Instance And Volume?

41. What Are The Best Practices For Amazon Ec2?

42. How To Migrate An Instance To Another Availability Zone?

43. What Is The Size Limit For Amazon Ec2 Instance Store-backed Amis And Amazon Ebs-backed Amis?

44. How You’re Charged In Amazon Ec2? Explain In Detail.

45. How To Disable Password-based Logins For Root In Amazon Ec2 Instance?

46. What Are Public Key Credentials And How To Install Them?

47. How Is Stopping And Terminating An Instance Different From Each Other?

48. How Is A Spot Instance Different From An On-demand Instance Or Reserved Instance?

49. Is It Possible To Change The Private Ip Addresses Of An Ec2 While It Is Running/stopped In A Vpc?

50. Can S3 Be Used With Ec2 Instances, If Yes, How?

51. If You Want To Launch Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (ec2) Instances And Assign Each Instance A Predetermined Private Ip Address You Should?

52. Explain What Happens When I Reboot An Ec2 Instance?

53. How You Will Change The Root Ebs Device Of My Amazon Ec2 Instance?

54. What Is The Underlying Hypervisor For Ec2?

55. What Are Spot Instances In Amazon Ec2?

56. What Is The Difference Between A Spot Instance And A Demand Instance On Ec2?

57. What Are The Main Features Of Classic Load Balancer In Ec2?

58. What Are The Main Features Of the Application Load Balancer (ALB) In Amazon Ec2?

59. What Is A Placement Group In Ec2?

60. What Types Of Issues Do You Face While Connecting To An Ec2 Instance?

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