AWS Global Infrastructure and Services

1. What is the AWS Global Infrastructure?

• The AWS Global Infrastructure is a network of data centers and points of presence spread across multiple regions and availability zones, providing a highly available and scalable infrastructure for customers to run their applications and services.

2. What are AWS Regions and Availability Zones?

• AWS Regions are geographic locations where AWS has multiple data centers. Each region is isolated and operates independently.
• Availability Zones (AZs) are isolated physical locations within a region, each with independent power, cooling, and network infrastructure.

3. How does AWS ensure the security and compliance of its infrastructure and services?

• AWS implements a number of security measures at the physical, network, and operational levels to secure its infrastructure and services. Additionally, AWS adheres to numerous industry and government standards and regulations, such as SOC, ISO, and PCI DSS.

4. Can you explain the concept of Edge Locations in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Edge Locations are AWS’s points of presence at the edge of the network, closer to the end user, used for content delivery (via Amazon CloudFront) and for caching frequently accessed data.

5. What is the difference between a Region and an Edge Location in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• A Region is a geographic area containing multiple Availability Zones, where customers can run their applications and store their data. An Edge Location, on the other hand, is a single point of presence used for content delivery and caching.

6. How does AWS ensure high availability and disaster recovery in its Global Infrastructure?

• AWS provides multiple tools and services, such as Amazon Route 53, Amazon RDS, and Amazon S3, to ensure high availability and disaster recovery. Additionally, customers can use AWS services to replicate their data across multiple regions and availability zones for added protection.

7. What is the purpose of AWS Direct Connect?

• AWS Direct Connect is a network service that provides dedicated network connections from customer premises to AWS. It provides a low-latency and highly secure connection for data transfer, which helps to improve the performance of applications.

8. Can you explain the difference between an AWS Region and a Local Region?

• An AWS Region is a geographic area consisting of multiple availability zones and data centers, where customers can run their applications and store their data. A Local Region, on the other hand, is a single data center within a region, designed for low latency and high throughput for customers with high computing and storage needs.

9. How does AWS implement network security in its Global Infrastructure?

• AWS implements multiple security measures to protect its network, including physical security, network access controls, and encryption. AWS also uses firewalls, Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs), and security groups to provide additional network security.

10. Can you explain the difference between a VPC and a VPN?

• A Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where customers can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that they define. A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private network that can be used to connect to remote networks over the Internet. In AWS, customers can use VPN connections to extend their on-premises network to a VPC.

11. How does AWS ensure the availability and durability of data in its Global Infrastructure?

• AWS provides multiple tools and services for customers to ensure the availability and durability of their data, including Amazon S3, Amazon EBS, and Amazon Glacier. Additionally, AWS replicates customer data across multiple availability zones within a region for added protection.

12. Can you explain the concept of Amazon Web Services Global Accelerator?

• Amazon Web Services Global Accelerator is a network service that provides a fast and reliable way for customers to route their traffic to the optimal AWS Region for their users. Global Accelerator uses Anycast IP addresses, which are shared across multiple AWS Edge Locations for low latency and high performance.

13. Can you explain the difference between Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS?

• Amazon S3 is an object storage service that provides scalable, durable, and secure storage for data and files. Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) is a block-level storage service that provides raw block-level access to disk volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances. S3 is typically used for storing unstructured data, while EBS is used for storing structured data that requires low-latency access.

14. What is Amazon CloudFront and how does it work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that speeds up the delivery of static and dynamic web content, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and images. CloudFront works by caching content at multiple Edge Locations closer to the end user, reducing the time it takes to transfer data and improving the performance of applications.

15. Can you explain the concept of Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS Cloud. Customers can launch virtual machine instances in the cloud, configure them as needed, and run their applications on EC2. EC2 provides access to multiple instance types, operating systems, and storage options, enabling customers to build and run a wide variety of applications.

16, What is Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) and how does it work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) is a logically isolated section of the AWS Cloud where customers can launch AWS resources in a virtual network that they define.
• VPC provides customers with complete control over the virtual network, including the IP address range, subnets, route tables, and security settings. VPC also enables customers to connect their VPC to their own data center or office network via VPN or Direct Connect.

17. How does AWS ensure the reliability and performance of its Global Infrastructure?

• AWS implements multiple measures to ensure the reliability and performance of its infrastructure, including monitoring and alerting systems, proactive maintenance, and disaster recovery planning.
• AWS also provides multiple services and tools to help customers optimize their applications for performance, including Amazon CloudWatch, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling, and Amazon Elastic Load Balancer.

18. What is Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration and how does it work?

• Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration is a feature of Amazon S3 that speeds up the transfer of large files to S3 by using Amazon CloudFront’s globally distributed Edge Locations.
• Transfer Acceleration takes advantage of Amazon CloudFront’s optimized network routes and network-based acceleration techniques to transfer data to S3 up to six times faster than standard transfers over the public Internet.

19. Can you explain the difference between Amazon S3 and Amazon S3 Glacier?

• Amazon S3 and Amazon S3 Glacier are both storage services provided by AWS, but they have different use cases and cost structures. Amazon S3 is an object storage service that provides scalable, durable, and secure storage for data and files. S3 Glacier is a low-cost, long-term archive storage service for data that is infrequently accessed. S3 is designed for low latency and high throughput, while S3 Glacier is designed for low cost and low access latency.

20. How does Amazon Route 53 work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) service provided by AWS. Route 53 works by mapping domain names to IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and other web-based resources using domain names instead of IP addresses. Route 53 also provides features such as traffic routing, health checking, and domain registration.

21. Can you explain the difference between Amazon EC2 and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling?

• Amazon EC2 is a web service that provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS Cloud, while Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling is a feature that automatically increases or decreases the number of EC2 instances in response to changes in demand. EC2 Auto Scaling helps customers to maintain application performance and availability by automatically scaling their EC2 resources as needed.

22. What is the role of Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) is a service that automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple targets, such as EC2 instances, containers, and IP addresses, in one or more Availability Zones. ELB helps customers to improve the availability and fault tolerance of their applications by automatically balancing incoming traffic across multiple targets, removing the need for manual intervention.

23. Can you explain the concept of Amazon Direct Connect in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Direct Connect is a network service that provides dedicated network connections from a customer’s on-premises data center to AWS. Direct Connect provides customers with a dedicated, low-latency, and high-bandwidth network connection to AWS, bypassing the public Internet and reducing network costs, improving network performance, and increasing security.

24. What is Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) and how does it work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS) is a managed relational database service provided by AWS. Amazon RDS makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational database in the cloud, supporting popular database engines such as Amazon Aurora, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle, and PostgreSQL. Amazon RDS provides customers with features such as automatic patching, backup and restore, and read replicas, making it easy to manage and scale relational databases in the cloud.

25. How does Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) is a fully managed container management service that makes it easy to run, stop, and manage Docker containers on a cluster of Amazon EC2 instances.
• Amazon ECS provides customers with features such as automatic scaling, load balancing, and service discovery, making it easy to build and run highly scalable, fault-tolerant, and highly available container-based applications.

26. What is Amazon DynamoDB and how does it work in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon DynamoDB is a managed NoSQL database service provided by AWS. DynamoDB provides customers with fast and flexible NoSQL database capabilities, supporting both document and key-value data models. DynamoDB automatically scales and manages the performance and capacity of the database, making it easy to build and run highly scalable and highly available applications.

27. Can you explain the concept of Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) in AWS Global Infrastructure?

• Amazon Simple Queue Service (SQS) is a fully managed message queuing service provided by AWS. SQS makes it easy to decouple and scale microservices, distributed systems, and serverless applications.
• SQS provides customers with a highly scalable, flexible, and reliable messaging solution, enabling them to transmit any volume of data, at any level of throughput, without losing messages or requiring other services to be available.