Power BI Interview Questions

1. What is Power BI?

Power BI is a business analytics service provided by Microsoft. It allows users to create reports and dashboards based on various data sources, such as Excel, databases, and online services. With Power BI, users can visualize and analyze their data, and share their insights with others in their organization. Power BI offers a range of features, including data modeling, data visualization, reporting, and collaboration. It is available as a standalone service, or as part of various Office 365 plans. Power BI is designed to be user-friendly, so that people with little or no technical expertise can use it to gain insights from their data.

2. Why use Power BI?

Power BI provides a simple setup to connect, transform, and visualize the raw business data from multiple sources. Even non-technical users can extract valuable information from their business data and use it to make better decisions. It provides a secure cloud service that enables the user to view dashboards, reports and share them with other business users and stakeholders in real-time analysis.

Power BI provides AI features in the form of Power Query and Power Q&A. With Power Query, you can create the dashboards by simply typing in the columns and the visuals you want to include. While Power Q&A allows you to analyze your data by giving voice commands.

Small businesses can use Power BI Desktop to visualize their business data without spending their time and money in maintaining a separate team for data analysis.

3. What is the difference between Managed Enterprise BI and Self-service BI?

The limitations of Managed Enterprise BI led to the birth of Self-service BI. There are significant differences that separate them.

Self-service BI	Managed Enterprise BI
This enables companies to ingest data from any data source, seamlessly. Companies take in data from any source in any format.	Here, data flows in from a plethora of sources and, for this reason, there is no order in which companies ingest and manage their data sources.
With data ingestion falling into order, companies are able to process data and, consequently, conduct business operations with ease.	Companies fail to conduct their business operations, effectively, as they are not able to report and analyze data and collaborate for collecting valuable insights from it.
Analyzing data is easy, and it is done implicitly. Time constraints are hence alleviated.	There are time constraints and a lack of proper information when it comes to analyzing data.
There is no need for third-party vendors anymore and all associated constraints are eradicated.	Third-party vendors are employed to help companies make the most out of their data sources, leading to budget problems and slow productivity.
Users could generate intuitive and actionable dashboards almost instantaneously without executing complex programming codes.	Complex programming skills are necessary for generating reports.

4. What exactly is Self-service BI?

Self-service BI or Self-service Business Intelligence (SSBI) is an approach to data analytics, reporting, and visualization that enables users to generate easy-to-understand, intuitive, and actionable dashboards, almost instantaneously.

The most striking feature of SSBI is the fact that users are not required to be adept at technical expertise when it comes to data reporting. Using available filters and data manipulation options, they can influence data as per their business needs and further create reports. There are two parts to Microsoft SSBI:

• Excel BI toolkit
• Power BI

5. Why are you interested in Power BI? What makes you think that Power BI would be a great career option?

As an AI, I don’t have personal preferences or career goals. I am a language model designed to provide information and answer questions to the best of my ability based on the knowledge and information I have been trained on.

Power BI is a tool used for data visualization and business intelligence. It allows users to create interactive dashboards and reports based on data from a variety of sources. It is a popular tool in the field of data analysis and can be a valuable skill for professionals in a variety of industries. Some people may find working with Power BI to be a rewarding and fulfilling career option due to the potential to make an impact through the use of data and visualization in decision-making.

6. Mention the important features of Power BI.

Features of Power BI are many. The most notable ones are:

• It allows users to transform data into visuals and share those visuals with colleagues.
• It allows users to explore and analyze data from all sources (in an all-in-one view).
• It allows users to scale across organizations with built-in governance and security.
• Once an output is generated, users can display the same in multiple devices that are compatible with the Power BI application.
• With Power BI natural language processing or Power BI Q&A, users can perform queries on reports using simple English words.

7. Is Power BI free to use?

Power BI is available in three versions: Power BI Desktop, Power BI Service, and Power BI Mobile.

Power BI Desktop is a free desktop application that you can download from the Microsoft website. It allows you to create and publish reports and dashboards to the Power BI Service or to SharePoint.

Power BI Service is a cloud-based service that includes all the features of Power BI Desktop, plus additional collaboration and sharing capabilities. It is available as a free service or as part of a paid subscription to Microsoft 365.

Power BI Mobile is a free app that allows you to access and interact with your Power BI dashboards and reports on your mobile device.

In summary, Power BI Desktop and Power BI Mobile are free to use, while the Power BI Service is available as a free service or as part of a paid subscription to Microsoft 365.

8. What are the versions of Power BI?

Power BI currently comes in three versions:

• Microsoft Power BI Free/Desktop – This version is for users who want to get business insights from their data with visualizations.
• Microsoft Power BI Pro – This is the full version of Power BI. It allows users unlimited reporting, sharing, and viewing of reports.
• Microsoft Power BI Premium – This version provides a license for all users in an organization.

9. What is Power BI Desktop?

There are five different components of Power BI.

• Power Pivot: Fetches and cleans data and loads on to Power Query
• Power Query: Operates on the loaded data
• Power Q&A: Makes it possible for users to interact with reports using simple English language
• Power View: Lets users create interactive charts, graphs, maps, and other visuals
• Power Map: Enables the processing of accurate geographic locations in datasets

10. What are the major components of Power BI?

There are five different components of Power BI.

• Power Pivot: Fetches and cleans data and loads on to Power Query
• Power Query: Operates on the loaded data
• Power Q&A: Makes it possible for users to interact with reports using simple English language
• Power View: Lets users create interactive charts, graphs, maps, and other visuals
• Power Map: Enables the processing of accurate geographic locations in datasets

Career Transition

11. What is the purpose of the ‘Get Data’ icon in Power BI?

When users click on the Get Data icon in Power BI, a drop-down menu appears and it shows all data sources from which data can be ingested.

Data can actually be directly ingested from any source including files in Excel, CSV, XML, JSON, PDF, and SharePoint formats and databases such as SQL, Access, SQL Server Analysis Services, Oracle, IBM, MySQL, and much more. Also, Power BI datasets and Power BI data flows are compatible. Data can also be taken in from Azure and other online sources.

12. How can we filter data in Power BI?

Data can be filtered using various filters that are available in Power BI, implicitly. There are basically three types of filters, namely, Page-level filters, Drillthrough filters, and Report-level filters.

• Drillthrough filters: With Drillthrough filters in Power BI Desktop, users can create a page in their reports that focuses on specific entities such as suppliers, customers, or manufacturers.
• Page-level filters: These are used to filter charts that are present on individual pages.
• Report-level filters: They are used to simultaneously filter charts that are present on all pages of a report.

13. How is Power BI different from other BI tools?

Power BI provides better features and data manipulation tools as compared to other BI tools like Tableau. A single user can connect with multiple data sources without any experience in coding and data analytics. As a product of Microsoft, Power BI is closely integrated with other Microsoft tools such as Office 365, SharePoint, and Bing.

In the free version of Power BI Desktop, the user can analyze datasets of up to 1GB in storage along with 10,000 rows of data steaming every hour. Moreover, it provides features like Power Query which allows the user to easily visualize the datasets by giving the command in the natural English language.

14. MSBI vs Power BI

Below are the key differences between the MSBI and Power BI:

Here is a comparison of Microsoft SQL Server Business Intelligence (MSBI) and Microsoft Power BI in table form:

	MSBI	Power BI
Purpose	Build BI solutions	Access, analyze, and visualize data
Target user group	IT professionals and developers	Business users
Included tools and technologies	ETL tools, reporting tools, dashboard tools	Data visualization tools, data connectors, reporting tools
Deployment	On-premises or in the cloud	Cloud-based
Pricing	Included with certain versions of Microsoft SQL Server	Free and paid versions available (Power BI Pro)

Overall, MSBI is a suite of tools and technologies that is used to build BI solutions, while Power BI is a cloud-based BI platform that provides a range of tools and features for accessing, analyzing, and visualizing data. Both MSBI and Power BI can be used to gain insights from data and make better informed decisions, but they are designed for different purposes and target different user groups.

15. Power BI vs Tableau

Here is a comparison of Microsoft Power BI and Tableau in table form:

	Power BI	Tableau
Purpose	Access, analyze, and visualize data	Access, analyze, and visualize data
Target user group	Business users	Business users
Included tools and technologies	Data visualization tools, data connectors, reporting tools	Data visualization tools, data connectors, reporting tools
Deployment	Cloud-based	On-premises or in the cloud
Pricing	Free and paid versions available (Power BI Pro)	Free and paid versions available (Tableau Desktop, Server)

Both Power BI and Tableau are BI tools that are designed to help users access, analyze, and visualize data. Both tools include a range of features and capabilities, such as data visualization tools, data connectors, and reporting tools. However, there are some differences between the two tools in terms of deployment and pricing. Power BI is a cloud-based tool that is available as a free or paid service, while Tableau can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud, and it is available in both free and paid versions.

16. What are the essential applications of Power BI?

Power BI is used by the following professionals and departments:

• Project Management Office: Power BI is used by project managers to identify the current situation of various business units. It helps them to see the overall performance of the team and track the progress of various projects.
• Business and Data Analysts: Business Analysts use Power BI to analyze the raw business data at greater speeds and efficiency. They prepare the data by cleaning and transforming it based on specific requirements and prepare live reports to express the raw in the form of visual insights.
• Database Administrators: By using PowerShell or Microsoft 365, the database administrator can increase the Power BI embedded capacity and assign the roles to different team members. With Power BI, the Database Administrators can set the passwords and decide who can access the reports and dashboards in Power BI.
• IT Professionals: IT professionals can use Power BI to create stunning visualizations and dashboards to track their performance and visualize various log files for the meetings. It also helps them to find out the areas where the team needs to work on and improve their performance.
• Reports for the consumer: With Power BI, the business user can add custom reports to various applications designed from the consumer’s perceptive. For example, you can create a report that shows your daily sales down in different countries and add it to your social media profiles, websites, and applications. This will show the consumer your product’s popularity and will motivate him to buy it.

17. Advantages of using Power BI?

Here are a few advantages of using Power BI over other applications:

• ETL/Data Recovery Suite: Power BI has a robust set of tools for implementing the ETL(extraction, transformation, and loading the datasets) capabilities. Data preparation and transformation are very important before moving to the visualization part. Power BI allows the user to directly build reporting datamarts and remove any ambiguities present in the datasets.
• Custom Visualization: Power BI provides you the flexibility of creating custom visualizations and adding them to your dashboards and live reports. Custom reports help the planners and decision-makers to identify the problems and make the best decision to improve their performance in the market.
• Q&A Capability: Power BI is capable of executing natural language queries with the help of Power Query and Power Q&A. Power Bi use AI and Natural Language Processing(NLP) algorithms to process the commands given by the user and produce the desired results.
• Easy to use: You don’t need to be an expert to visualize your data and create reports in Power BI. It has a simple interface that allows even a non-technical user to transform the raw data into visually interactive dashboards and reports.
• Price: Compared to other BI and data visualization tools, Power BI is highly affordable. Small businesses can use power BI for free and take smart decisions to improvise their performance in the market. Moreover, Power BI Pro comes with an array of features for just $10 a month.

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18. What are the building blocks of Power BI?

Below are the building blocks of Power BI:

• Visualizations: These are the visual representations of the raw data collected from varied data sources. Visualizations can be different types such as line graphs, donut charts, pie charts, bar graphs, maps, etc.
• Datasets: It’s a collection that Power BI uses to create visualizations and reports. Datasets in Power BI can be of different types such as Excel sheets, CSV files, Oracle tables, and more.
• Reports: A report in Power BI is a collection of visualizations bought together on a single or multiple pages. Each visualization in a report shows the specific aspect of the data based on the requirements. For example, profit by-products, sales by country, city report, etc.
• Dashboards: Dashboards are single-layer presentations with one or more visualizations embedded on a single page. Dashboards can be shared on various platforms like Power BI Apps to provide live information.
• Tiles: Tiles are the single visualizations in a dashboard or report. For example, a pie chart, line graph, or any other visualization is a single tile in Power BI.

Next up on this top Power BI interview questions and answers, let us check out some of the top Power BI questions that come under the intermediate category.

19. What is Power BI Dashboard?

A Power BI dashboard is a single page, interactive visualization of data from multiple sources. It is a way to display and analyze data in a visual format, allowing users to quickly understand trends and patterns in the data.

Power BI dashboards are created using Power BI Desktop or the Power BI Service and can include a variety of visualizations, such as charts, graphs, maps, and tables. They can be connected to a variety of data sources, including Excel spreadsheets, SQL databases, and cloud-based data sources.

Users can interact with Power BI dashboards by clicking on elements to drill down into the data or by using filters to focus on specific data sets. Power BI dashboards can also be shared with others, allowing users to collaborate and make data-driven decisions together.

20. What are formats in Power BI?

The different formats in Power BI are as follows:

• Power BI Desktop – Power BI Desktop can be downloaded and installed on your PC. You can connect it to the data source, transform the data, and analyze and visualize it with the help of templates.
• Power BI Services – Power BI Services is a Service-as-a-platform or a cloud based service.
• Power BI Mobile App – The Power BI App is available for iOs, Android, and Windows.

21. What are custom visualizations?

Power BI Pro users can create their own visualizations from the custom visualizations library. First, a development project will have to be created and then the visual can be tested in Power BI services. As soon as the custom visualization is created, it is thoroughly tested before posting. It is saved as a .pbiviz file before sharing.

22. What are the parts of Microsoft’s self-service business intelligence solution?

Microsoft’s self-service business intelligence solution has two parts:

• Excel BI Toolkit – It helps users create interactive reports using imported data from various data sources. Data can be modeled according to what is needed in the report.
• Power BI – It helps users share the interactive reports created using Excel BI Toolkit.

23. Is Power BI an effective solution?

Power BI is a cloud-based business intelligence tool. It helps analyze and visualize raw data imported from various data sources. It integrates data visualizations with data analytics, to help businesses make better decisions centered around data. Power BI is easy to use and processes data in a reliable and easy-to-understand way.

Power BI can work on different platforms and be shared on the cloud. All of this makes it an affection solution.

24. What do you understand by Power BI services?

Power BI Service is a cloud-based business intelligence platform that allows users to create, publish, and share interactive dashboards and reports. It is a part of the Microsoft Power BI suite of tools and is designed to help businesses visualize and analyze data from a variety of sources.

Power BI Service includes all the features of Power BI Desktop, plus additional collaboration and sharing capabilities. It allows users to access their Power BI dashboards and reports from any device with an internet connection, and to share them with others within their organization.

Power BI Service also includes a range of features for managing and organizing dashboards and reports, including the ability to create custom workspaces and to set permissions for accessing and modifying content. It also includes integration with other Microsoft tools, such as Excel, OneDrive, and SharePoint, allowing users to seamlessly incorporate data and visualizations into their workflows.

Power BI Service is available as a free service or as part of a paid subscription to Microsoft 365.

25. How can you refresh data in Power BI?

There are several ways to refresh data in Power BI:

1. Automatic refresh: You can set up automatic refresh for your Power BI dashboards and reports by scheduling refresh times in the Power BI Service. To do this, go to the dashboard or report you want to refresh, click the ellipsis (…) in the top right corner, and then select “Schedule refresh.”
2. Manual refresh: You can manually refresh data in Power BI by clicking the “Refresh” button on the ribbon in Power BI Desktop, or by clicking the “Refresh” button on the dashboard or report in the Power BI Service.
3. Refreshing data from the source: You can also refresh data by going to the data source and refreshing the data there. For example, if you are using an Excel spreadsheet as a data source, you can refresh the data by opening the spreadsheet in Excel and clicking the “Refresh” button.

It is important to note that the ability to refresh data in Power BI is dependent on the data source and the refresh capabilities of that source. Some data sources may not support refresh or may have limitations on the frequency of refresh.

26. What is Power Pivot?

An add-in for Microsoft Excel 2010, Power Pivot enables users to import millions of rows of data from various sources into one Excel Workbook. Users can create calculated columns, measure using formulas, and create relationships between heterogeneous data. They can also build PivotCharts and PivotTables. Users can analyze data effectively to help in making timely business decisions without any help from IT.

27. What is Power Query?

Power Query is an ETL tool. It can help shape, transform, and clean data with the help of intuitive interfaces and no need for coding. Power Query can help with the following:

• Importing data from various data sources like files, databases, social media data, big data, etc.
• Appending and joining data from several sources.
• Adding or removing data to shape it according to requirements.

28. What is Power View?

Power View is a technology for data visualization that allows users to create interactive graphs, charts, maps, and other visualizations that help bring data to life. Power View is available in SharePoint, Excel, Power BI, and SQL Server.

29. Differentiate between Power BI and Excel.

Here is a comparison of Microsoft Power BI and Microsoft Excel in table form:

	Power BI	Excel
Purpose	Access, analyze, and visualize data	Work with data stored in spreadsheets
Target user group	Business users	Business users
Included tools and technologies	Data visualization tools, data connectors, reporting tools	Charts, pivot tables, formulas
Deployment	Cloud-based	Desktop application
Pricing	Free and paid versions available (Power BI Pro)	Part of the Microsoft Office suite

Overall, Power BI and Excel are both useful tools for working with data, but they are designed for different purposes and target different user groups. Power BI is a more powerful and flexible tool for accessing, analyzing, and visualizing data, while Excel is primarily designed for working with data stored in spreadsheets.

30. Explain the filled map in Power BI.

A filled map in Power BI is a visualization that displays data on a map, with different areas or regions of the map being filled with color to represent the data. The data values are typically represented by different shades of color, with darker shades representing higher values and lighter shades representing lower values.

To create a filled map in Power BI, you will need to have a dataset with geographic information, such as latitude and longitude coordinates or country, state, or city names. You can then use the filled map visualization to display the data on a map and customize the appearance of the map, including the color scheme and the data labels.

Filled maps are useful for visualizing data that is geographically distributed, such as sales data, population data, or other types of data that can be mapped to a specific location. They can help you to quickly and easily see patterns and trends in the data and gain insights that might not be as readily apparent in other types of visualizations

31. How to perform query tasks on the Power BI desktop?

You can use Power Query on the Power BI desktop via the power query editor. To open it, you need to go to Edit Queries from the home tab of the Power BI desktop.

32. How do you create a group in Power BI?

You first have to select all the fields you want to group then, right-click on it and open the context menu. You can select the Group option from the menu and Power BI will automatically group these items.

33. Explain what M language is in Power BI.

M is a query language formula that is used in Power BI Query Editor. It helps in preparing data before loading it into the Power BI model. The main function of Power Query is to mash-up data from one supported source to another. These data mashups are expressed with the help of Power Query M Formula Language.

34. What is the Time Intelligence function?

The Time Intelligence function allows users to manipulate data with the help of periods.

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35. Where is data stored in Power BI?

When data is ingested into Power BI, it is basically stored in Fact and Dimension tables.

• Fact tables: The central table in a star schema of a data warehouse, a fact table stores quantitative information for analysis and is not normalized in most cases.
• Dimension tables: It is just another table in the star schema that is used to store attributes and dimensions that describe objects stored in a fact table.

36. What are content packs?

Content packs are packaged reports, dashboards, and datasets, which can be shared with other Power BI users in the organization. When a content pack is connected on the Powerbi.com portal, report items are merged into workspace lists.

The most notable features of content packs are as follows:

• Provide access to specific groups or entire organizations
• Can be customized with a title and a description to help users select the right pack
• Users who have access to the content pack can create new dashboards from the contents

37. What are the different views in Power BI Desktop?

There are three different views in Power BI, each of which serves a different purpose:

• Report View: Users can add visualizations and additional report pages and publish the same on the portal from here.
• Data View: Data shaping can be performed through Query Editor tools.
• Relationship View: Users can manage relationships between datasets in this view.

38. What is row-level security?

Row-level security restricts the data that a user can view and has access to, based on filters. For configuring row-level security, users can define rules and roles in Power BI Desktop and publish the same to Power BI Service. Also, the username() function can be used alongside table relationships to restrict the data to the current user.

However, for enabling row-level security, a Power BI Pro subscription account is required, and Excel sheets can only be used when they are converted to the .pbix file format.

39. What is DAX? What are the benefits of using variables in DAX?

DAX or Data Analysis Expressions can be used to query and return data by a table expression. It is a formula language that is used to perform basic calculations and data analysis on the data in Power Pivot. Also, it is used to compute calculated columns, calculated fields, and measures. However, data cannot be inserted or modified using DAX.

DAX Syntax:

Total Sales = SUM(Sales[SalesAmount])

Where ‘Total Sales’ is a ‘Measure’; ‘SUM’ is a ‘DAX Function’, and ‘Sales[SalesAmount]’ represents the referenced table and the referenced column name.

Benefits of using variables in DAX:

• Variables can be reused in DAX queries, thus avoiding additional queries of the source database.
• Variables make DAX expressions understandable.

40. What is bidirectional cross-filtering in Power BI?

Bidirectional cross-filtering in Power BI Desktop allows data modelers to determine how they want filters to flow for data using relationships between tables. With bidirectional cross-filtering, the filter context is propagated to a second related table on the other side of a table relationship. This can help data modelers solve the many-to-many problem without writing complicated DAX formulas. Thus, bidirectional cross-filtering simplifies the job for data modelers.

41. How are relationships defined in Power BI Desktop?

If there are no null values or duplicate rows, relationships between tables can be defined in two ways:

• Manually: Users can manually define relationships between tables using primary and foreign keys.
• With the autodetect feature: When enabled, this inherent feature of Power BI detects relationships between tables and creates them automatically.

42. What do you know about Power BI Query Editor?

By using Power BI Query Editor, users can load data from a wider number of data sources and apply transformations to them, including adding new columns and measures.

Power BI Query Editor comprises four tabs:

Query Editor Tab	Use Case
Home	Import data from Query Editor into the New Query groupUse the Parameter group to create and manage parametersInclude a function to refresh the preview data for the current table, or all tables, in the datasetManage columns, reduce rows, and sort groups
Transform	Change the data types of columns, rename columns, replace values, and fix errors in the Any Column groupThe structured column group provides options for working with the nested dataRun R Script function enables to run R Queries directly on Power BI Query Editor
Add Column	Use Add Custom Column to create a new column using a DAX formulaUse Conditional Column to add a column based on the values in another columnUse the From Number group to apply statistical, standard, and scientific functions to numerical columns
View	Show or hide Query Editor SettingsFrom here, the Advanced Editor window can be opened to view and edit the query code

43. What is Advanced Editor in Power BI?

• The query is written in M-code, the Power Query Formula Language
• To view the query code from Power BI Desktop, choose Edit Queries from the Home tab
• From either the Home or the View tab, click on Advanced Editor to work on the query. The Advanced Editor window opens, displaying the code for the currently selected query
• When we make transformations to our data in Query Editor, the steps are saved to the Applied Steps in the Query Settings
• These steps are also applied to the code in the Advanced Editor

44. Why should general formatting be applied to data in Power BI?

By formatting data, users can help Power BI categorize and identify data, making it much easier to work with.

• Enter a custom formula to create a new column, including calculations using values from the other columns
• To create a new column, click on Add Custom Column
• In the new column name box, type the name of the column and add the formula to the custom column formula box; for example, [ShipDate] – [OrderDate]
• Select a column from the available columns list and click on Insert or double-click to add it to the custom column formula text box. Then, click on OK
• The new column is appended to the table, and the formula is visible in the Formula Bar

Custom Column Formula:

= Table.AddColumn(#"Sorted Rows",
"DaysOrderToShip", each [ShipDate] -
[OrderDate])

The above code is the formula to create a custom column, which calculates the days from when an order was placed to when it got shipped.

45. Name the different connectivity modes available in Power BI?

There are three main connectivity modes available in Power BI:

• SQL Server Import: It’s the default and most commonly used connectivity option in Power BI. With SQL Server Import, the user can fully utilize the Power BI Desktop. You can easily connect the SQL Server data with Power BI and run queries on it.
• Direct Query: Direct queries can be executed on datasets exceeding the recommended size. In this case, Power BI will only store the metadata of the source and execute direct queries on it. However, it limits the operations you can perform to prepare your data for reporting.
• Live Connections: Power BI Service can be used to connect with live data sources such as SQL Server Analysis Services, Power BI Datasets hosted by Power BI Service, and Azure Analysis Service. In a live connection, all the interactions will be done using direct queries.

46. What are the different types of refresh options available in Power BI?

There are four types of refresh options available in Power BI:

• Package Refresh: It synchronizes your data in Power BI Desktop or Excel files between Power BI service and SharePoint Online and OneDrive.
• Model or Data Refresh: Refresh the data available in Power BI Service with the data stored in the original data source.
• Tile refresh: This feature updates the cache for Power BI tiles every 15 minutes on the dashboards.
• Visual Container Refresh: Used to refresh the visual containers and the visuals of cached reports once the data is changed.

47. What data sources can Power BI connect to?

Power BI can connect to various data sources but it can be categorized as follows:

• Files: Power BI can import data from files like .csv, .xslx, .pbix, and .xlxm.
• Content Packs: Content packs are a collection of related files or documents, stored as a group. Power BI has two types of content packs – from service providers like Google Analytics, or Salesforce, and the ones created and shared by other users in the organization.
• Connectors: Connectors to databases and other datasets like Database and SQL, Azure SQL, etc.

48. What is a comprehensive working system of Power BI?

Power BI’s working system comprises four steps:

• Data Importing: The first step is to import the data and then convert it into a standard format.
• Data Cleaning: Once the data is assembled, it needs to be transformed or cleaned to remove unwanted data.
• Data Visualization: In this step, the data is visually represented on the Power BI desktop in the form of reports and dashboards with the help of powerful visualization tools.
• Save and Publish: Once your report is ready, you can save and publish the reports. These can be shared with users through mobile apps and the web.

49. What are the different types of filters in Power BI reports?

There are various filter types in Power BI:

• Visual-level Filters – These filters work on single visualizations. They reduce the amount of data the visualization can see. These filters can filter calculations as well as data.
• Page-level Filters – These filters work on the report-page level. Different pages in the same report can have different page-level filters.
• Report-level Filters – These filters work on an entire report. They filter all visualizations and pages included in the report.

50. What are the types of visualizations in Power BI?

The following are some types of visualizations that are available in Power BI:

• Bar and Column Charts: You can use these visualizations to look at a specific value across various categories.
• Area Charts: Area Charts help look at the magnitude of change over time.
• Card: Cards can be used to show the aggregate value of particular data points.
• Doughnut and Pie Charts: These charts help you visualize the relationship between parts of a whole.
• Maps: Maps show quantitative and categorical data with spatial locations.
• Matrix: Matrix is a type of table that helps see aggregate data easily.
• Slicers: A slicer is used to filter other visuals on the page.

51. Why and how would you use a custom visual file?

A custom visual file helps users if none of the already existing visuals fit the needs of the business. These are usually generated by developers and they can be used just like prepackaged files.

52. What are the various types of users who can use Power BI?

• Report Consumers: They consume reports according to their particular needs.
• Report Analyst: They require detailed data for their analysis of the reports.
• Self-Service Data Analyst: They need an in-depth analysis of the data to work with.
• Basic Data Analyst: They are able to build their own datasets.
• Advanced-Data Analyst: They can write SQL queries and bring hands-on experience in Power BI.

53. What is the maximum data limit per client for the free version of Power BI?

A free Power BI version allows users 10 GB of storage space in the cloud for hosting Power BI reports. The maximum size allowed for a report in the cloud is 1 GB.

54. Where do you reshape data in Power BI?

To reshape data in Power BI:

1. Open the Query Editor by clicking the “Edit Queries” button in the Home ribbon in Power BI Desktop, or by clicking the “Edit Queries” option in the ellipsis (…) menu on the dashboard or report in the Power BI Service.
2. Select the table or query that you want to reshape in the Query Editor.
3. Use the various transformation options in the ribbon to reshape the data. For example, you can use the “Group By” and “Pivot Column” options to group and pivot data, or use the “Split Column” and “Merge Columns” options to split and merge columns.
4. Preview the results of your transformations in the Query Editor to ensure that the data is being reshaped as intended.
5. When you are satisfied with the reshaped data, click the “Close & Apply” button to apply the transformations and load the reshaped data into Power BI.

It is important to note that reshaping data in the Query Editor is a non-destructive process, meaning that the original data is not changed. The reshaped data is created as a new query that can be used in Power BI dashboards and reports.

55. Which is a single-page canvas that uses visualizations to depict a story?

A Power BI report is a single-page canvas that uses visualizations to depict a story. Power BI reports are created using Power BI Desktop or the Power BI Service and can include a variety of visualizations, such as charts, graphs, maps, and tables, to help users understand and analyze data.

Power BI reports can be created from a variety of data sources and can be customized to meet the specific needs of the user. They can be used to present data in a clear and concise manner, highlighting trends, patterns, and insights that may not be immediately obvious from raw data.

Power BI reports can be shared with others, allowing users to collaborate and make data-driven decisions together. They can also be published to the Power BI Service, where they can be accessed from any device with an internet connection.

56. List out some drawbacks/limitations of using Power BI.

Some limitations of Power BI are as follows:

• Complex in nature
• Power BI has been designed a little complex. Users need to know in-depth about Power BI before they can start working on it.
• Large Data
• Power BI isn’t capable of handling large data and might time out while processing it. It cannot process data larger than 1 GB.
• Limited Sharing of Data
• Only users who are on the same domain or have their email addresses listed on Office 365 can receive the files you share.
• Limited Data Source
• Power BI allows real-time connection with very limited data sources.

57. What are the most common DAX functions used?

Here are some of the most commonly used DAX functions:

• SUM, MIN, MAX, AVG, COUNTROWS, DISTINCTCOUNT
• IF, AND, OR, SWITCH
• ISBLANK, ISFILTERED, ISCROSSFILTERED
• VALUES, ALL, FILTER, CALCULATE,
• UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT, NATURALINNERJOIN, NATURALLEFTEROUTERJOIN,
• SUMMARIZECOLUMNS, ISEMPTY,
• VAR (Variables)
• GEOMEAN, MEDIAN, DATEDIFF

58. What are the three fundamental concepts of DAX?

Three fundamental concepts of DAX are as follows:

• Syntax: It is the formula that includes the functions. If the syntax is wrong, the result will show an error.
• Functions: These are arguments that a specific order to perform.
• Context: Contexts are of two types – Row Context and Filter Context. Row Context is applied when a formula has a function that applies a filter to identify a row in a table. Filter Context is applied when one or more filters are used to get a value.

59. What are the purpose and benefits of using the DAX function?

DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) is a formula language used in Power BI, Power Pivot for Excel, and Analysis Services. It is used to create calculated columns and measures in Power BI, which can be used to perform complex calculations and analysis on data.

The purpose of using DAX is to extend the capabilities of Power BI and other tools by providing a way to create custom calculations and measures based on data. It allows users to perform complex data analysis and create sophisticated reports and dashboards.

Some benefits of using DAX include:

1. Flexibility: DAX provides a wide range of functions and operators that can be used to create custom calculations and measures.
2. Ease of use: DAX has a simple, familiar syntax that is similar to Excel, making it easy for users to learn and use.
3. Performance: DAX calculations are optimized for performance, making it faster and more efficient to perform complex calculations on large data sets.
4. Reusability: DAX measures can be used in multiple reports and dashboards, allowing users to create a consistent set of calculations and measures that can be used throughout their organization.

Overall, using DAX allows users to perform advanced data analysis and create sophisticated reports and dashboards in Power BI and other tools, helping them to gain insights and make informed decisions based on data.

60. What are the different Excel BI add-ins?

The most important Power BI add-ins to Excel are as follows:

• Power Query – Power Query helps in editing, loading, and finding external data.
• Power Pivot – Power Pivot is mainly used in data analysis and data modeling.
• Power View – Power View is used to design interactive and visual reports.
• Power Map – Power Map helps display insights on 3D maps.